摘要Myocardial infarction is a cardiovascular disease(CVD)with high morbidity and mortality,which can trigger a cascade of cardiac pathophysiological changes,including fibrosis,inflam-mation,ischemia-reperfusion injury(IRI),and ventricular remodeling,ultimately leading to heart failure(HF).While conventional pharmacological treatments and clinical reperfusion therapy may enhance short-term prognoses and emergency survival rates,both approaches have limitations and adverse effects.Natural products(NPs)are extensively utilized as thera-peutics globally,with some demonstrating potentially favorable therapeutic effects in preclin-ical and clinical pharmacological studies,positioning them as potential alternatives to mod-ern drugs.This review comprehensively elucidates the pathophysiological mechanisms dur-ing myocardial infarction and summarizes the mechanisms by which NPs exert cardiac benefi-cial effects.These include classical mechanisms such as inhibition of inflammation and oxidat-ive stress,alleviation of cardiomyocyte death,attenuation of cardiac fibrosis,improvement of angiogenesis,and emerging mechanisms such as cardiac metabolic regulation and histone modification.Furthermore,the review emphasizes the modulation by NPs of novel targets or signaling pathways in classical mechanisms,including other forms of regulated cell death(RCD),endothelial-mesenchymal transition,non-coding ribonucleic acids(ncRNAs)cascade,and endothelial progenitor cell(EPC)function.Additionally,NPs influencing a particular mechanism are categorized based on their chemical structure,and their relevance is dis-cussed.Finally,the current limitations and prospects of NPs therapy are considered,high-lighting their potential for use in myocardial infarction management and identifying issues that require urgent attention.