摘要Paclitaxel(PTX),a valuable natural product derived from Taxus species,exhibits remarkable anti-cancer properties.It penetrates nanopores in microtubule walls,interacting with tubulin on the lumen surface and disrupting microtubule dynamics,thereby inducing cytotoxic ef-fects in cancer cells.PTX and its derivatives have gained approval for treating various dis-eases due to their low toxicity,high efficiency,and broad-spectrum application.The wide-spread success and expanding applications of PTX have led to increased demand,raising con-cerns about accessibility.Consequently,researchers globally have focused on developing al-ternative production methods and applying nanocarriers in PTX delivery systems to enhance bioavailability.This review examines the challenges and advancements in PTX sourcing,pro-duction,physicochemical properties,anti-cancer mechanisms,clinical applications,trials,and chemo-immunotherapy.It aims to provide a comprehensive reference for the rational devel-opment and effective utilization of PTX.