摘要Drug addiction,a disorder characterized by chronic relapse and compulsive drug use,poses a significant threat to public safety and human health.Addictive substances can be categorized as natural,semi-synthetic,or synthetic based on their origin.Additionally,they can be classi-fied into three groups according to their pharmacological targets:opioids,hallucinogens,and cannabinoids that act on G-protein-coupled receptors(GPCRs);alcohols,nicotine,ketamine,barbiturates,and benzodiazepines(BDZs)that affect ligand-gated ion channel-type receptors;and psychostimulants that interact with monoamine transporters.Current treatments for drug addiction primarily include substitution therapy and non-pharmacological approaches.However,these methods have limitations,particularly in addressing the underlying causes of relapse.Several drugs in clinical trials have demonstrated potential therapeutic effects for ad-diction to opioids,heroin,cocaine,and other substances.This review examines the origins and pharmacological mechanisms of addiction to naturally-derived psychoactive substances(NPS)and provides an overview of recent advancements in pharmacotherapy for drug addic-tion.