摘要Polysaccharides,a class of complex macromolecules,are distinguished by their diverse biolo-gical functions and essential role in functional foods.The distinctive biological activities of polysaccharides from medicine and food homology materials(MFPs),including immunomod-ulation,carbohydrate metabolism regulation,and lipid metabolism regulation properties,have attracted considerable scientific attention.The relationship between polysaccharides and gut microbiota is fundamental to human health,as polysaccharides demonstrate efficacy in ameliorating various conditions-from inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)to obesity and diabetes-through their influence on intestinal flora composition and diversity.Although polysaccharide research and applications show promise,significant challenges persist,partic-ularly regarding extraction and purification methodologies,and the complete understanding of their biological mechanisms.Future investigations should prioritize understanding the cor-relation between polysaccharide structure and function,advancing large-scale production and application technologies,and establishing productive interdisciplinary collaborations.MFPs demonstrate significant potential for advancing sustainable development and human health,building upon current research findings.This paper presents a comprehensive review of global developments in the extraction,purification,structural characterization,biological activities,and applications of MFPs,emphasizing opportunities for scientific and technologic-al innovations in specialized dietary food development.