摘要Pulmonary fibrosis(PF)is a progressive,fatal fibrotic disease caused by respiratory condi-tions.The condition can ultimately lead to severe organ failure and mortality,and is associ-ated with multiple risk factors.Growing evidence highlights the immune system's role in PF,with various immune components participating in inflammatory and fibrotic processes.Dif-ferent immune cells,including neutrophils,lymphocytes,and macrophages,demonstrate dis-tinct effects on PF progression and development.Furthermore,key immune system cytokines,including the interleukin(IL)family,tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α,interferon(IFN)-γ,trans-forming growth factor(TGF)-β,and connective tissue growth factor(CTGF),contribute to PF initiation and progression through independent mechanisms and mutual regulation.Cur-rently,limited effective treatments exist for PF,with several treatments causing severe ad-verse reactions.Natural products,characterized by multi-target effects,holistic regulation,and low toxicity,have emerged as a research focus.This review compiles the mechanisms,therapeutic potential,and active components of various natural products.These compounds can ameliorate pulmonary inflammation,epithelial-mesenchymal transition,and collagen de-position through diverse immune mechanisms,acting at specific stages or throughout the fibrotic process,thereby supporting PF management.This review examines current scientific understanding of natural products' immunological effects in PF,which is crucial for develop-ing future anti-PF therapeutics.