摘要Hair loss,a multifactorial disorder characterized by follicular miniaturization and excessive shedding,significantly impairs psychological well-being and quality of life.Cyperus rotundus rhizome(CR),a traditional Chinese medicine used for various ailments,has not been evalu-ated for efficacy in treating hair loss.This study presents the first comprehensive assessment of the hair growth-promoting effects of ethanol extract from CR on mouse primary dermal papilla cells(MDPCs)and human immortalized hair DPCs(IHHDPCs),employing cell count-ing kit-8(CCK-8),scratch assay,reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR),and Western blot(WB).CR treatment activated the Wnt/β-Catenin signaling path-way by upregulating Wnt10b,increasing β-Catenin protein levels and promoting its nuclear translocation,while simultaneously downregulating transforming growth factor-beta 1(TGF-β1),BMP4,and dickkopf-related protein 1(DKK1)in MDPCs.These molecular changes en-hanced cell proliferation and increased secretion of key growth factors-insulin-like growth factor 1(IGF1),keratinocyte growth factor(KGF),and vascular endothelial growth factor(VE-GF)—thereby stimulating hair growth and prolonging the anagen phase,which was con-firmed in an ex vivo hair follicle(HF)organ culture model.Chromatographic analysis identi-fied the petroleum ether fraction(CRP),enriched in sesquiterpenes,as the primary bioactive component.Both CR and CRP promoted IHHDPC proliferation,migration,and growth factor expression through activation of the Wnt/β-Catenin pathway,with CRP exhibiting superior bioactivity.Furthermore,both treatments stimulated HF cycling,increased follicular density,and upregulated Ki67 and β-Catenin expression in the dorsal skin of C57BL/6 mice.Collect-ively,these findings demonstrate that CR and CRP promote hair growth and modulate the hair cycle via enhancement of Wnt/β-Catenin signaling,providing a scientific basis for the poten-tial clinical application of C.rotundus rhizomes in hair loss therapy and the development of re-lated pharmaceuticals or cosmetics.