摘要Curcuma is a traditional Chinese medicine that has been utilized for centuries in the treat-ment of various diseases.Terpenoids,particularly monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes,consti-tute the primary bioactive components of the essential oil derived from Curcuma species.Among these,curdione-one of the key active constituents-has been identified in 25 Curcuma species,with the highest concentration reported in the rhizome essential oil of Curcuma trichosantha Gagnep.Curdione can also be synthesized through chemical methods,and its regio-and stereo-selectivity can be further optimized via chemo-bio transformations.This compound demonstrates significant therapeutic potential,including anticancer,anti-thrombotic,anti-inflammatory,anti-viral,anti-fungal,anti-diabetic,and multi-organ protect-ive properties.Despite these promising biological activities,its clinical application is hindered by poor water solubility and potential toxicity.This review summarizes current knowledge on the natural sources,chemical synthesis,chemo-bio transformations,metabolism,pharma-cokinetics,pharmacological effects,potential toxicities,and molecular mechanisms of curdi-one.Furthermore,perspectives on future drug development are discussed with the aim of promoting the clinical translation of this promising natural compound.