摘要Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)are widely utilized in disease treatment and regenerative medicine due to their potent immunomodulatory properties and capacity for tissue repair.However,limitations-including insufficient migratory capacity,suboptimal survival,prolif-eration,differentiation potential,and variable immunomodulatory responses-significantly hinder their clinical translation and therapeutic impact.Natural products have been shown to enhance MSC homing,stress resilience,immune regulation,and lineage-specific differenti-ation through multi-target mechanisms,thereby emerging as promising,safe,and practical strategies to improve the in vivo performance of MSC-based therapies.This review examines the key translational challenges associated with MSCs,elucidates the mechanistic basis by which natural products regulate the in vivo fate of MSCs,and explores the potential of integ-rating natural product adjuvants with MSC therapy for enhanced clinical outcomes.