摘要Taohong Siwu Decoction(THSWD),a traditional Chinese medicinal formulation,has been demonstrated to significantly modulate key signaling pathways implicated in atherosclerosis(AS).This review examines the complex mechanisms through which THSWD influences critic-al pathways,including nuclear factor kappa-B(NF-κB),phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K)/serine-threonine kinase(AKT),Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4),mitogen-activated pro-tein kinase(MAPK),and mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR),that play pivotal roles in AS pathogenesis.By synthesizing experimental evidence and existing literature,the review sum-marizes how THSWD and its bioactive constituents regulate these signaling cascades to ameli-orate AS.Furthermore,it highlights the distinctive therapeutic advantages of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)compounds in managing chronic diseases driven by multi-target and multifactorial mechanisms.Analyzing disease targets from the perspective of signaling path-ways enhances the scientific validation of clinical efficacy for such formulations,thereby offer-ing novel insights for future research.