摘要我国结直肠肛门外科相较于欧美国家，专科化起步较晚，而且至今尚无一个规范化培训体系和专家准入制度。本文介绍了美国、欧洲和日本的结直肠肛门外科专科医师培训制度，旨在为我国结直肠肛门外科专科医师培训体系的建立提供参考。笔者认为，建立我国结直肠肛门外科医师的培训、准入及认证体系已势在必行。首先，需制定全国统一的结直肠外科医师规范化培训基地的认定标准，由行业协（学）会据此标准认定结直肠肛门外科培训基地；其次，培训对象必须是从正规医学院校毕业且完成了住院医师规范化培训并取得合格证书者；第三，设置科学的培训课程，以结直肠外科专业的临床实践能力培训为主，培训年限可设为2～4年；第四，重视对结直肠肛门外科专科医师的考核和评估，将其作为从事结直肠外科专科工作的重要条件。

abstractsCompared to Europe and America, the specialization of colorectal and anal surgery in China started a bit late, and so far there has been no standardized residency program and expert-access system. This review introduces different training systems of colorectal and anal surgery residency in the United States, Europe, and Japan, aiming to provide references for the establishment of residency program in China, which is imperative. Firstly, national uniform identification standards for standardization training bases of colorectal and anal surgeons are required. And then based on these standards, colorectal and anal surgery residency training bases are identified by professional Association/Society. Secondly, the training subjects must be limited in graduates from formal medical school who have successfully completed residency program. Thirdly, training course should be set properly with the main purpose of mastering skills of clinical practice, and 2-4 years is a reasonable training period. Lastly, check and evaluation on colorectal and anal surgeons should be placed with great emphasis , and regarded as a prerequisite of engaging colorectal and anal surgery.