摘要成人巨结肠是一类少见疾病，而不同病因所导致的巨结肠，治疗方案有所不同，但手术是最终也是最有效的方法。有碍于早期对疾病的认识不足，很多患者并没有明确诊断为成人巨结肠，并未得到恰当的治疗。本文对成人巨结肠根据病因进行分类，并总结其术式选择。对于成人先天性巨结肠，可以选用改良Duhamel、金陵术、低位前切除术或者拖出式低位前切除术。对于特发性巨结肠患者可在术前准备充分的情况下，选择一期结直肠次全切除术治疗，部分以急诊肠梗阻入院的患者可先行保守治疗或者结肠镜减压好转后行择期手术治疗。对于神经节细胞缺乏症患者，手术方式采用和特发性巨结肠一致的结直肠次全切除术，将扩张的近端肠段和狭窄的远端肠段一并切除，行回肠直肠吻合或者升结肠直肠吻合。对于中毒性巨结肠，轻症者可行结肠造口术，存在严重感染者，需行结直肠次全切除术。医源性巨结肠多是因为医疗原因造成结肠局部或一段肠管发生狭窄或者无蠕动功能而导致近端慢性扩张而形成巨结肠，需要根据患者具体情况选择合理术式。急性假性结肠梗阻综合征的治疗首选方法为结肠镜减压，存在肠道继发性改变者，造口术仍是最有效的手术方案，但需要谨慎开展。

abstractsAdult megacolon is a rare disease with heterogeneneous etiology. The treatment schemes of megacolon caused by different causes are also different, but surgery is the final and the most effective method. Due to the lack of early understanding of the disease, many patients have not been clearly diagnosed as adult megacolon and have not been properly treated. This article classifies adult megacolon according to the etiology and summarizes its surgical options. For adult Hirschsprung's disease, modified Duhamel, the Jinling procedure, low anterior resection, or pull-through low anterior resection can be used. For patients with idiopathic megacolon, one-stage subtotal colorectal resection can be selected with adequate preoperative preparations. Some patients admitted to the hospital with emergency intestinal obstruction can be treated with conservative treatment or decompression under colonoscopy followed by selective surgery. For patients with aganglionosis, the procedure is subtotal colorectal resection, the same as that of idiopathic megacolon. The procedure is to remove both the dilated proximal intestine and the stenotic distal intestine, then an ileorectal anastomosis or ascending colon rectal anastomosis is performed. For toxic megacolon, colostomy can be done for mild cases, and for severe infections, subtotal colorectal resection is required. Latrogenic megacolon is mostly caused by segmental stenosis or lack of peristalsis, resulting in chronic dilatation of the proximal end and the formation of megacolon. It is necessary to choose a reasonable surgical procedure according to the specific conditions of the patient. The first choice for the treatment of acute colonic pseudo-obstruction syndrome is decompression under colonoscopy. For those with the secondary changes in the intestine, ostomy is still the most effective surgical procedure, but should be performed with caution.