摘要噬菌体作为广泛存在于人体内的原核生物病毒，是人类肠道微生物群的重要组成部分，对机体健康和疾病的发生发展具有重要影响。研究表明，噬菌体可以与细菌相互作用并影响细菌的丰度、代谢及抗生素耐药性，进而影响肠道微生态平衡。此外，噬菌体在机体免疫反应中发挥作用，并于多种免疫性疾病中发生紊乱。肠道噬菌体同时在肠道微生态移植中扮演重要的角色，对疾病治疗具有重要意义。噬菌体具有侵染细菌的特异性，能够靶向特定细菌菌株或群落，从而降低细菌感染或细菌存在的风险，维持肠道微生物群稳态。目前，肠道噬菌体研究仍处于早期阶段，尚需通过更多基础和临床研究评估其物种组成、致病或保护疾病的机制、疗效及安全性等。

abstractsPhages, prokaryotic viruses widely present in the human, are a crucial component of the gut microbiome. They play a significant role in human health and the development of diseases. Emerging evidence indicates that phages can interact with bacteria to affect their abundance, metabolism, and antibiotic resistance, thereby influencing the balance of the gut microbiota. In addition, phages also contribute to the gut immune response, and can become dysregulated in a range of immune-related diseases. Gut phages also carry important roles in fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) for disease treatment. Phages can target specific bacterial members and communities, thereby reduce the risk of bacterial infections or the presence of bacteria, and maintain the stability of the gut microbiome. However, gut phageome research is still in its infancy and additional basic and clinical researches are required to evaluate its species composition, mechanisms of pathogenicity or protection, as well as its efficacy and safety.