摘要目的 探讨重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)早期脉搏指示连续心排血量(PiCCO)监测指导下的液体复苏对患者疗效的影响.方法 采用前瞻性研究方法,选择安徽医科大学第二附属医院重症医学科2011年10月至2013年10月收治并应用PiCCO指导容量复苏治疗的18例SAP患者为研究组;同时回顾性收集2009年1月至2011年9月收治的未进行PiCCO监测治疗的25例SAP患者为对照组.比较两组患者复苏液体量及临床资料等.结果 与对照组比较,研究组在入重症监护病房(ICU)后0～6、0～24、24 ～ 48 h复苏液体量及0～72h复苏液体总量均明显增多(mL:2 133±1 593比1 024±421,t=3.337,P=0.002;5 960±2 951比3 767±854,t=3.531,P=0.001:4 709±1 508比3 863±1 122,t=2.112,P=0.031; 14601±5 095比11 409±2 667,t=2.673,P=0.007);研究组需行血液净化比例明显下降[5.56％(1/18)比44.00％(11/25),x2=7.688,P=0.006],全身炎症反应持续时间明显缩短(d:3.54±2.44比5.62±3.62,t=2.113,P=0.041),液体复苏24 h急性生理学与慢性健康状况评分系统Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ)评分下降显著(分:11±4比14±5,t=2.104,P=0.042),72 h血乳酸下降程度明显(mmol/L:3.10±0.55比2.40±1.12,t=2.442,P=0.019),ICU住院时间明显缩短(d:10±9比20±10,t=3.371,P=0.002);但需应用血管活性药物的比例[16.67％(3/18)比24.00％(6/25),x2=0.340,P=0.560]、需行有创机械通气治疗的比例[50.00％(9/18)比52.00％(13/25),x2=0.017,P=0.897]、72 h尿素氮下降程度(mmol/L:-0.33±4.71比-0.09±5.37,t=0.152,P=0.880)和继发腹腔感染比例[16.67％(3/18)比16.00％(4/25),x2=0.003,P=0.953]无明显差异.研究组患者病死率低于对照组[5.56％(1/18)比20.00％(5/25)],但差异无统计学意义(x2=1.819,P=0.178).根据2012亚特兰大共识SAP分类标准对两组患者液体复苏48 h后重新评估,研究组转为中重症急性胰腺炎的比例明显高于对照组[33.33％(6/18)比8.00％(2/25),x2=4.435,P=0.034].研究组18例患者平均留置PiCCO导管4.5 d,均未发生导管相关并发症.结论 SAP患者72 h内在PiCCO监测指导下可安全使用更多的液体进行容量复苏;PiCCO指导容量复苏能够更好地改善患者组织灌注,减少血液净化应用率,不增加有创机械通气治疗风险,缩短ICU住院时间,但不影响病死率.

abstractsObjective To evaluate the therapeutic effect of early fluid resuscitation under the guidance of pulse indicator continuous cardiac output (PiCCO) on patients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP).Methods Clinical data of 18 SAP patients (research group),who had undergone fluid resuscitation under the guidance of PiCCO in the Department of Critical Care Medicine of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University from October 2011 to October 2013,were analyzed prospectively.At the same time,clinical data of 25 cases (control group) that had undergone fluid resuscitation without the guidance of PiCCO from January 2009 to September 2011 were collected retrospectively.The volume of fluid and clinical data were compared between two groups.Results During the first 6 hours,0-24 hours,24-48 hours,and 0-72 hours after intensive care unit (ICU) admission,the research group received larger volume of fluid than that of the control group (mL:2 133 ± 1 593 vs.1 024 ± 421,t=3.337,P=0.002; 5 960 ±2 951 vs.3 767 ± 854,t=3.531,P=0.001; 4 709 ± 1 508 vs.3 863 ± 1 122,t=2.112,P=0.031 ; 14 601 ± 5 095 vs.11 409 ± 2 667,t=2.673,P=0.007).Compared with the control group,the incidence of application of blood purification was lowered [5.56％ (1/18) vs.44.00％ (11/25),x2=7.688,P=0.006],the duration of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) was shortened (days:3.54 ± 2.44 vs.5.62 ± 3.62,t=2.113,P=0.041),acute physiology and chronic health Ⅱ (APACHE Ⅱ) score was significantly declined at 24 hours after admission (11±4 vs.14 ± 5,t=2.104,P=0.042),the blood lactic acid was decreased more significantly after 72 hours (mmol/L:3.10 ±0.55 vs.2.40 ± 1.12,t=2.442,P=0.019),and the length of ICU stay was shortened (days:10 ±9 vs.20 ± 10,t=3.371,P=0.002) in research group.But there was no significant difference in the percentage of the use of vasoactive drugs [16.67％ (3/18) vs.24.00％ (6/25),x2 =0.340,P=0.560],the incidence of invasive mechanical ventilation [50.00％ (9/18) vs.52.00％ (13/25),x2 =0.017,P=0.897],72-hour urea nitrogen changes (mmol/L:-0.33 ± 4.71 vs.-0.09 ± 5.37,t=0.152,P=0.880),and the percentage of abdominal infection [16.67％ (3/18) vs.16.00％ (4/25),x2=0.003,P=0.953] between research group and control group.The mortality in research group was lower than that in control group [5.56％ (1/18) vs.20.00％ (5/25)] without statistical difference (x2=1.819,P=0.178).According to the 2012 Atlanta classification,patients were re-evaluated after 48 hours fluid resuscitation.Six patients in research group developed moderately severe acute pancreatitis,and the incidence was significantly higher than that in control group [33.33％ (6/18) vs.8.00％ (2/25),x2=4.435,P=0.034].The time of mean PiCCO installation was 4.5 days in 18 cases of the research group,and no related complications occurred.Conclusions The PiCCO device may be a useful adjunct for fluid resuscitation monitoring in patients with SAP within 72 hours.Early fluid resuscitation under the guidance of PiCCO may be helpful in improving tissue perfusion,reducing the application of blood purification,as well as shortening length of ICU stay.This program did not increase the risk of invasive mechanical ventilation,and no obvious change in mortality rate was observed.