摘要目的:探讨早期目标导向镇静（EGDS）策略用于急性脑损伤患者的临床效果和可行性。方法:选择2015年1月至2019年3月解放军总医院第三医学中心重症监护病房（ICU）收治的110例急性脑损伤患者作为研究对象，按随机数字表法分为EGDS组和按需镇静组。EGDS组患者入组后立即持续静脉泵注右美托咪定镇静，以0.2 μg·kg -1·min -1为起始剂量，连续72 h；按需镇静组则静脉推注丙泊酚按需镇静。采用Richmond躁动-镇静评分（RASS）和脑电双频指数（BIS）持续监测镇静深度。所有患者均给予舒芬太尼维持镇痛，并依据病情需要给予甘露醇脱水降颅压、止血或抗血小板等综合常规治疗。观察两组患者镇静前及镇静24、48、72 h的生命体征、急性生理学与慢性健康状况评分Ⅱ（APACHEⅡ）、格拉斯哥昏迷评分（GCS）、BIS和动脉血气分析，以及机械通气时间、镇痛药物用量和不良事件发生情况。 结果:① 110例患者中剔除脑出血再次手术、脑疝病情恶化、家属放弃治疗、中途退出试验患者后，最终有105例完成治疗，其中EGDS组56例，按需镇静组49例，两组性别、年龄、颅脑损伤类型、基线APACHEⅡ和GCS评分及机械通气比例差异无统计学意义。②与镇静前比较，两组镇静后心率（HR）均显著下降直至72 h，以EGDS组降低更显著（次/min：70.49±7.53比79.83±9.48， P<0.05）。除HR外，按需镇静组APACHEⅡ和GCS评分于镇静72 h较镇静前明显改善，其余指标均无明显变化。与镇静前比较，EGDS组于镇静24 h起动脉血二氧化碳分压（PaCO 2）即明显升高，48 h起平均动脉压（MAP）明显降低、GCS评分和BIS明显升高，直至72 h，且各指标均较按需镇静组明显改善〔72 h PaCO 2 （mmHg，1 mmHg＝0.133 kPa）：40.30±5.98比31.57±8.20，72 h MAP（mmHg）：85.01±8.26比89.54±9.41，72 h GCS评分（分）：8.62±3.34比7.89±2.74，72 h BIS：60.87±24.79比56.68±33.43，均 P<0.05〕；EGDS组APACHEⅡ评分仅于镇静72 h明显低于镇静前，且与按需镇静组差异无统计学意义（分：17.10±7.05比18.90±3.32， P>0.05）；EGDS组氧合指数（PaO 2/FiO 2）仅在镇静24 h较按需镇静组显著升高（mmHg：261.05±118.45比226.45±96.54， P<0.05）。③与按需镇静组比较，EGDS组机械通气时间显著缩短（h：20.56±9.03比27.75±11.23， P<0.05），舒芬太尼总量显著减少（μg：79.16±26.76比102.46±35.48， P<0.05）。④与按需镇静组比较，EGDS组心动过缓发生率显著升高〔10.71%（6/56）比6.12%（3/49）， P<0.05〕，心动过速发生率显著下降〔14.29%（8/56）比38.78%（19/49）， P<0.05〕，而低血压发生率差异无统计学意义〔5.36%（3/56）比4.08%（2/49）， P>0.05〕；按需镇静组意外拔管发生率为4.08%（2/49），而EGDS组无一例意外拔管事件发生。 结论:EGDS可提高急性脑损伤患者GCS评分和BIS，提示该镇静策略可能有助于改善急性脑损伤患者神经功能，且方法安全、可行。

abstractsObjective:To investigate the value and feasibility of early goal directed sedation (EGDS) in patients with acute brain injury.Methods:A total of 110 patients with acute brain injury who were admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) of the Third Medical Center of the Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital from January 2015 to March 2019 were included and randomly divided into EGDS group and standard sedation group (STD) using the random number table. Patients in the EGDS group were sedated by continuous intravenous infusion of dexmedetomidine (initial dose of 0.2 μg·kg -1·min -1) for 72 consecutive hours. Patients in the STD group received intravenous bolus of propofol as appropriate clinically. Richmond agitation-sedation score (RASS) and electroencephalogram bispectral index (BIS) were used to continuously monitor the level of sedation. All patients were given sufentanil for analgesia. Routine treatments such as dehydration and reduction of intracranial pressure with mannitol, hemostasis or antiplatelet therapy were given according to the patients' condition. Vital signs, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ (APACHEⅡ) score, Glasgow coma scale (GCS) score, BIS value, artery blood gas analysis, duration of mechanical ventilation, analgesic dosage and adverse events were recorded in two groups before and 24, 48, and 72 hours after sedation. Results:① Among the 110 patients, patients who received the second surgery due to cerebral hemorrhage, had worsening of cerebral hernia, withdrew during the course of the study, or whose family members abandoned treatment were excluded from the study. Finally, 105 patients were enrolled in the study, including 56 patients in the EGDS group and 49 in the STD group. There was no significant difference in gender, age, types of brain injury, baseline APACHEⅡ or GCS score or rate of mechanical ventilation between the two groups. ② Compared with before sedation, heart rate (HR) significantly decreased till 72 hours after sedation in both groups, and the decrease in the EGDS groups was more obvious as compared with the STD group (bpm: 70.49±7.53 vs. 79.83±9.48, P < 0.05). Besides HR, significant improvement was found in the APACHEⅡ and GCS scores in the STD group at 72 hours of sedation as compared with before sedation, and no significant difference was found in other indicators. Compared with before sedation, arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO 2) was significantly increased from the 24th hour of sedation, mean artery pressure (MAP) was decreased significantly and GCS score, BIS value were increased significantly from the 48th hour of sedation, till 72 hours, which were all improved significantly as compared with the STD group [72-hour PaCO 2 (mmHg, 1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa): 40.30±5.98 vs. 31.57±8.20, 72-hour MAP (mmHg): 85.01±8.26 vs. 89.54±9.41, 72-hour GCS score: 8.62±3.34 vs. 7.89±2.74, 72-hour BIS: 60.87±24.79 vs. 56.68±33.43, all P < 0.05]. APACHEⅡ score was significantly lower only at the 72nd hour of sedation as compared with before sedation in the EGDS group, and no significant difference was found as compared with the STD group (17.10±7.05 vs. 18.90±3.32, P > 0.05). Oxygenation index (PaO 2/FiO 2) was significantly increased only at the 24th hour of sedation in the EGDS group as compared with the STD group (mmHg: 261.05±118.45 vs. 226.45±96.54, P < 0.05). ③ The duration of mechanical ventilation was significantly shorter in the EGDS group than that in the STD group (hours: 20.56±9.03 vs. 27.75±11.23, P < 0.05), and the total administered dose of sufentanil was significantly lower in the EGDS group than that in the STD group (μg: 79.16±26.76 vs. 102.46±35.48, P < 0.05). ④ Compared with the STD group, the incidence of bradycardia in the EGDS group was increased significantly [10.71% (6/56) vs. 6.12% (3/49), P < 0.05], while the incidence of tachycardia was decreased significantly [14.29% (8/56) vs. 38.78% (19/49), P < 0.05], but no significant difference was found in the incidence of hypotension [5.36% (3/56) vs. 4.08% (2/49), P > 0.05]. The incidence of unexpected extubation in the STD group was 4.08% (2/49), which did not occurre in the EGDS group. Conclusion:EGDS can improve the GCS score and BIS value of patients with acute brain injury, suggesting that the EGDS is safe and feasible, which can help improve neurological function in patients with acute brain injury.