摘要目的 探讨非职业驾驶员压力状况及其特点.方法 采用驾驶员压力量表随机对成都市264名非职业驾驶员进行调查,与105名职业驾驶员进行比较.结果 ①与职业驾驶员相比,非职业驾驶员刺激寻求、认知疲劳和驾驶攻击得分较高[非职业(4.63±1.49)分,(5.12±1.56)分,(5.65±1.42)分;职业(3.60±2.04)分,(3.97±2.02)分,(4.56±1.84)分,P＜0.001],危险监控、驾驶紧张和身心疲劳得分较低[非职业(7.04±1.48)分,(6.44±1.50)分,(5.78±1.75)分;职业(7.89±1.45)分,(6.99±1.28)分,(6.45±2.37)分,P＜0.01];②不同性别、年龄、婚姻状况、驾驶经验的非职业驾驶员在压力各因素上有显著差异(P＜0.05).男驾驶员刺激寻求、驾驶紧张和身心疲劳得分较高[男(4.79±1.53)分,(6.78±1.46)分,(5.94±1.80)分;女(4.32±1.37)分,(5.80±1.37)分,(5.50±1.61)分,P＜0.05];与其他年龄组相比,20～29岁驾驶员认知疲劳[(5.44±1.38)分]得分较高,而危险监控[(6.77±1.44)分]、驾驶紧张[(6.03±1.46)分]得分较低;与未婚驾驶员相比,已婚驾驶员危险监控、驾驶紧张较高,认知疲劳得分较低[已婚(7.23±1.43)分,(6.65±1.48)分,(4.88±1.60)分;未婚(6.77±1.47)分,(6.06±1.43)分,(5.59±1.36)分,P＜0.05].去年超过2万公里的非职业驾驶员在驾驶紧张(6.89±1.41)上得分较高.结论 非职业驾驶员压力状况不容乐观,受其性别、年龄、婚姻状况和驾驶经验等影响,属于压力管理的重点人群.

abstractsObjective To explore the characters of non-professional drivers' stress. Methods Two hundred and sixty-four non-professional drivers in Chengdu city were randomly investigated by Driver Stress Inventory(DSI). One hundred and five professional drivers were as control group. Results ①Compared with professional drivers,non-professional drivers scored higher in thrill seeking, cognitive fatigue and aggression (non-professional drivers :4.63±1.49,5.12±1.56,5.65±1.42; professional drivers: 3.60 ± 2.04,3.97 ± 2.02,4.56 ±1.84, P ＜ 0.01 ) ,and lower in hazard monitoring, driving anxiety and physiological fatigue (non-professional drivers:7.04±1.48,6.44±1.50,5.78±1.75; professional drivers:7.89 ± 1.45,6.99 ± 1.28,6.45 ± 2.37, P ＜0.01 ). ②Non-professional drivers' stress had significant differences in gender, age, marital state and driving experiences (P＜0.05). The male drivers scored higher in thrill seeking, aggression and physiological fatigue (male:4.79±1.53,6.78±1.46,5.94 ± 1.80; female:4.32±1.37,5.80±1.37,5.50 ± 1.61, P ＜ 0.05 ). Compared with other age driver groups, the 20 ～29 driver group scored higher in cognitive fatigue (5.44 ± 1.38 ), and lower in hazard monitoring(6.77±1.44) ,driving anxiety (6.03 ±1.46). Compared with unmarried drivers, married non-professional drivers scored higher in hazard monitoring and driving anxiety ,and lower in cognitive fatigue( married drivers:7.23±1.43,6.65±1.48,4.88±1.6; unmarried drivers :6.77±1.47,6.06±1.43,5.59±1.36, P ＜0.05 ). The non-professional drivers who drove more than 20 thousand kilometers scored higher in driving anxiety (6.89±1.41). Conclusion The non-professional drivers' stress isn' t optimistic, and influenced by their gender,age, marital state and driving experiences. Stress management should pay attention to them.