摘要目的 探讨驾驶员应对方式与驾驶行为、事故的关系.方法 采用简单随机抽样方法,抽取347名驾驶员进行应对方式问卷、驾驶行为问卷的调查.结果 (1)除回避性应对与驾驶行为相关不显著外,对抗性应对、情绪性应对与驾驶行为有显著正相关( r=0.18～0.56,P＜0.01)；积极评估应对与驾驶行为有显著负相关(r=-0.34～-0.41,P＜0.01).(2)积极评估应对、对抗性应对和情绪性应对对错误行为和疏忽行为均有显著的预测作用,解释率分别为33.5％和23.5％.对抗性应对和积极评估应对对超速及违规行为有显著预测作用,解释率为40.2％.(3)在轻微事故和一般事故中,事故驾驶员和安全驾驶员均在对抗性应对上差异有统计学意义(t=-2.75;2.80,P＜0.01).结论 驾驶员应对方式是影响驾驶行为和事故安全的重要因素.

abstractsObjective To explore the relationships of driving coping styles with driving behaviors and road accidents of drivers.Methods Three hundreds and thirty-seven drivers were randomly surveyed by Driving Coping Questionnaire ( DCQ),Driver Behavior Questionnaire (DBQ).Results ( 1 ) Except avoidance coping style,confrontive coping and emotion-focused coping were correlated positively with the three driving behaviors ( r =0.18 ～ 0.56,P ＜ 0.01 ),and positive appraisal coping had negatively correlations with them (( r =-0.34 ～-0.41,P＜0.01 ).(2)Positive appraisal coping,confrontive coping and emotion-focused coping could predict 33.5％ of error behaviors and 23.5％ of slip behaviors.And confrontive coping and positive appraisal coping could predict 40.2％ of speeding and violation behaviors.(3) Compared with safety drivers,accident drivers had significantly differences in confrontive coping in mild and moderate crashes( t=-2.75,2.80,P＜ 0.01 ).Conclusion Driving coping styles are the important factors influencing drivers' behaviors and road safety.