摘要目的：对7～11岁注意缺陷多动障碍（ attention deficit hyperactivity disorder，ADHD ）和正常儿童汉字任务ERP进行研究，探讨ADHD与正常儿童语义加工发展特点的差异。方法两组儿童为ADHD 83例、正常儿童93名，7～11岁分五个年龄组。实验采用ERP 汉字刺激任务（相关、不相关及假字三种条件）。结果 ERP的N400波幅及潜伏期比较：（1）语义相关：7岁正常儿童N400波幅高于11岁[（－10．67±4．39）μV，（－4．62±3．55）μV；P＝0．005]；8岁ADHD高于其他组[（－10．77±6．66）μV， F＝2．54， P＝0．046]。10岁、11岁正常儿童潜伏期较8岁组延长[（342．9±52．5）ms，（351．8±62．1）ms，（311．7±33．1）ms， P＜0．05]，11岁ADHD儿童潜伏期长于其他组[（391．7±82．2）ms， P＝0．033]。（2）语义不相关：10岁正常儿童N400波幅高于其他组[（－16．67±7．98）μV， P＝0．014]， ADHD组各年龄段差异无统计学意义；ADHD与正常组N400潜伏期各年龄段差异均无统计学意义。（3）假字条件：9岁正常儿童N400波幅高于其他年龄[（－16．08±7．14）μV， P＜0．05]，11岁ADHD儿童N400波幅高于7、9、10岁[（－18．81±10．58）μV， P＜0．05]。8、9岁正常儿童潜伏期较短[（319．1±26．1） ms，（319．6±24）ms；P＜0．05]，ADHD儿童潜伏期各年龄段差异无统计学意义。结论 ADHD于语义相关条件的N400波幅与潜伏期分别在8、9岁明显变化，假字在11岁明显发展，均晚于正常儿童1个以上年龄段。 ADHD儿童语义加工和正字法认知的能力发展迟缓。 N400能较好反映儿童早期语言认知能力，有较好早期诊断具有价值。

abstractsObjective To explore the developmental characteristics of semantic processing of chil-dren with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder( ADHD) by comparing the event related potential in normal children and ADHD children ( ages 7-11 years old) .Methods 83 ADHD children and 93 normal children ranging from 7 to 11-year were divided into 5 groups to analyze the difference of the amplitude and latency of ERP N400 in three conditions:the related,unrelated and pesudoword after the Chinese character word visual stimulus task.Results (1) The related condition:the amplitude of the 7 years old normal children group was higher than 11 years old((-10.67±4.39)μV,(-4.62±3.55)μV;P=0.005);and the amplitude was highest in 8 years old group in children with ADHD( (-10.77±6.66) ms, F=2.54, P=0.046) .The latency in normal children was shorter at 8 years old((311.7±33.1) ms, P<0.05),but was shorter at 9 years old in ADHD group.( 2) The unrelated condition:the amplitude of normal children aged 10 years was higher than that of other age groups.( 3) The pesudoword condition:the amplitude of 9 years old normal children was higher than other age groups.The amplitude of ADHD in children aged 9 years was higher than that in other age groups( (-16.08±7.14)μV, P<0.05) .Conclusion In the semantic related conditions,the amplitude of the N400 in ADHD children at the age of 8 and the latency at the age of 9 are significantly developed,and in the false words conditions,it is at the age of 11.This suggests that the ability of 7-11 years old ADHD chil-dren's orthographic semantic processing and cognitive development are slower than normal.N400 can better reflect the children's early language cognitive ability,and it is valuable for the early diagnosis of children with ADHD.