摘要目的 探讨高动机情绪背景对面孔整体加工的影响及其神经机制.方法 26名被试在三种情绪图片(美食、中性、恐惧)启动条件下执行组合面孔任务.结果 (1)行为学研究显示,情绪类型与面孔组合形式交互作用显著[F(2,50)=5.37,P=0.008,η2=0.18].在中性情绪条件下出现组合面孔效应:被试对错开面孔的辨别准确率[(90.21±11.20)％]显著高于对齐面孔[(84.83±1 1.20)％](t(25)=3.95,P=0.001).在高动机情绪条件下组合面孔效应消失:即在高动机消极情绪条件下被试对错开面孔[(87.88±10.28)％]和对齐面孔[(85.12±8.81)％]的辨别准确率差异无统计学意义(t(25)=1.93,P=0.065);在高动机积极情绪条件下被试对错开面孔[(87.92±11.00)％]和对齐面孔[(88.33±8.89)％]的辨别准确率差异无统计学意义(t(25)=0.263,P=0.795).(2) ERP结果显示:P3成分上情绪类型和面孔组合形式交互作用显著(F(2,50)=3.23,P=0.048,η2=0.12).中性情绪条件下,对齐面孔[(3.46±1.26) μV]产生的P3波幅显著大于错开面孔[(2.82±1.43) μV](F(1,25)=5.28,P=0.03,η2=0.17);高动机消极条件下,对齐面孔[(3.21±1.16)μV]和错开面孔[(3.07±1.22) μV]产生的P3波幅差异无统计学意义(F(1,25)=0.53,P=0.476);高动机积极情绪条件下,对齐面孔[(3.33±1.20)μV]和错开面孔[(3.42±1.40)μV]产生的P3波幅差异也无统计学意义(F(1.25)=0.23,P=0.638).结论 面孔加工与情绪加工之间具有高度关联性,揭示了情绪的动机性对面孔加工有更强的影响.无论情绪效价如何,高动机情绪都能引起局部注意偏向并降低面孔整体加工,且主要表现在晚期认知加工阶段.

abstractsObjective To investigate the influence of high-motivated affect background on the holistic face processing and its neural mechanism.Methods Totally 26 subjects were instructed to perform composite-face process under the priming condition of three emotional pictures (food,neutral and fear).Results (1)Behavioral studies showed a significant interaction between emotion type and face combination(F(2,50) =5.37,P=0.008).Composite-face effect was observed in neutral emotional condition due to the fact that the recognition accuracy of the misaligned face ((90.21 ± 11.20)％) was significantly higher than that of the aligned face((84.83 ± 11.20) ％,t (25) =3.95,P=0.001).However,the composite-face effect disappeared under the condition of high-motivated emotion.That is,there was no significant difference in the recognition accuracy of the misaligned faces ((87.88± 10.28)％) and aligned faces ((85.12± 8.81)％,t(25)=1.93,P=0.065) under the condition of high-motivated negative emotion.Under the condition of high-motivated positive emotion,there was also no significant difference in the recognition accuracy between the misaligned faces ((87.92±11.00)％) and aligned faces((88.33±8.89)％,t(z5)=0.263,P=0.795).(2) According to the results of ERP,P3 components showed significant interaction between emotion type and face combination form(F(2,50) =3.23,P=0.048).Under the neutral emotional condition,the P3 amplitude of aligned faces ((3.46 ± 1.26) μV) was significantly higher than that of misaligned faces ((2.82 ± 1.43)μV,F (1,25)=5.28,P=0.03).In the case of high-motivated negative condition,there was no significant difference in P3amplitude between aligned faces ((3.21 ± 1.16) μV) and misaligned faces ((3.07 ± 1.22) μV,F (1,25) =0.53,P=0.476).The P3 amplitude of aligned faces((3.33±1.20) μV) and misaligned faces((3.42±1.40) μV) were also not significantly different under the condition of high-motivated positive affect (F(1,25)=0.23,P=0.638).Conclusion The study shows a high correlation between face processing and emotional processing.Additionally,the emotional motivation has a stronger influence on face processing.Regardless of the emotional valence,high-motivated intensity affect can cause local attention bias and reduce the holistic processing level of the face,which is mainly manifested in the later cognitive processing stage.