摘要目的:探讨工作记忆广度训练对n-back任务的迁移效应及脑机制。方法:首先在60例大学生中开展随机对照实验，训练组( n＝30)接受自适应性训练，对照组( n＝30)接受低难度反复练习，比较两组训练前后2-back任务的差异。接下来在60例接受自适应性训练的大学生中，根据2-back任务改善中位数分为高迁移组( n＝30)和低迁移组( n＝30)，比较两组训练前后全脑激活的差异。 结果:与训练前比较，训练组训练后2-back任务正确率显著增加( F＝21.45， P<0.001)，正确率增加量为(0.15±0.18)；对照组训练后正确率增加量为(0.03±0.17)，差异无统计学意义( F＝0.99， P＝0.327)。与低迁移组比较，高迁移组训练后右侧纹状体激活显著增加(校正后 P＝0.028)，纹状体激活变化与2-back任务正确率变化呈显著的正相关关系( R2＝0.084； F＝5.21， P＝0.025)。 结论:工作记忆广度训练效果可迁移到n-back任务，纹状体在迁移过程中发挥重要作用。

abstractsObjective:To explore the transfer effect of working memory span task training on n-back task and its accordant brain mechanism.Methods:First, a randomized controlled experiment was carried out in 60 college students.The training group ( n=30) received adaptive training on a working memory span task and the control group ( n=30) received low difficulty repeated practice.The difference on 2-back task between the two groups at posttest and pretest was compared.Next, 60 college students who received adaptive training were divided into high transfer group ( n=30) and low transfer group ( n=30) according to their improvement median on 2-back task.The differences of brain activation across the whole brain between the two groups at posttest and pretest were compared. Results:Compared with before training, the accuracy of the 2-back task in the training group increased significantly after training( F=21.45, P<0.001), in which the training group increased by (0.15±0.18). While the control group increased by (0.03±0.17), and the difference was not significant( F=0.99, P=0.327). Compared with the low transfer group, the activation of the right striatum in the high transfer group increased significantly (corrected P=0.028). There was a significant correlation between the change of striatum activation and the change of 2-back task accuracy ( R2=0.084; F=5.21, P=0.025). Conclusion:The working memory span training effect can be transferred to n-back task, and the striatum plays an important role in this transfer effect.