摘要目的:探讨注意缺陷多动障碍(attention deficit hyperactivity disorder，ADHD)儿童青少年的社交能力特征及其与核心症状、情绪和行为问题之间的关系。方法:选取2019年6月至2021年6月期间在门诊就诊的6~13岁ADHD患儿59名作为ADHD组，同时社区招募年龄、性别相匹配的62名正常儿童为对照组。采用社会反应量表(social responsiveness scale，SRS)、SNAP-Ⅳ评定量表和长处与困难问卷(strengths and difficulties questionnaire，SDQ)评估两组被试的社交能力、核心症状及情绪和行为问题。使用SPSS 26.0进行统计分析，使用非参数检验对比分析两组之间社交能力、情绪和问题行为的差异，采用Spearman相关分析ADHD组社交能力与其核心症状、情绪和问题行为等之间的关联，使用广义线性回归分析ADHD组性别、年龄、智商、核心症状、情绪和问题行为对社交能力的影响。结果:ADHD组患儿SRS总分[65(42，83)分]及社交知觉[10(8，13)分]、社交认知[13(9，19)分]、社交沟通[19(11，29)分]、孤独症样行为[9(5，14)分]各分量表得分均高于TD组[38(27.5，59.5)分，7(4，12.5)分，8(6，15)分，12(6.5，20)分，4(2，11)分]( Z＝－2.97，－2.75，－2.41，－3.01，－2.64，均 P<0.05)。ADHD组患儿SDQ困难总分及影响因子、情绪、多动、品行、同伴交往分量表得分均显著高于TD组( Z＝－5.80，－6.89，－2.82，－8.59，－2.52，－3.81，均 P<0.05)。ADHD组患儿SRS总分及各分量表得分与SNAP-Ⅳ总分及各分量表得分均呈正相关( r＝0.33~0.71，均 P<0.05)。SRS总分、社交沟通量表得分与SDQ困难总分、影响因子、情绪、多动、品行、同伴交往分量表得分( r＝0.29~0.65，均 P<0.05)，社交知觉与困难总分、多动、同伴交往分量表得分( r＝0.56，0.32，0.45，均 P<0.05)，社交认知、孤独症样行为分量表得分与困难总分、影响因子、情绪、同伴交往分量表得分( r＝0.27~0.55，均 P<0.05)，社交动机分量表得分与困难总分、情绪、多动、品行、同伴交往分量表得分( r＝0.29~0.55，均 P<0.05)均呈正相关；SRS总分及各分量表得分与亲社会行为分量表得分( r＝－0.63~－0.49，均 P<0.05)均呈负相关。SRS总分受到性别、年龄、对立违抗、情绪、多动、同伴交往( B＝0.05~0.23，均 P<0.05)正向影响，亲社会行为分量表( B＝－0.07， P<0.05)负向影响。 结论:ADHD儿童常常存在明显的社交能力缺陷，与核心症状、情绪和问题行为均有明确相关，危险因素为对立违抗、情绪、同伴关系，保护因素为亲社会行为。

abstractsObjective:To investigate the characteristic of social ability in children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and its relationship with core symptoms, emotional and behavioral problems.Methods:Fifty-nine children with ADHD aged 6-13 for outpatient department from June 2019 to June 2021 were selected as the ADHD group, and 62 normal children matched in age and sex were recruited as the typical development group(TD group). The social responsiveness scale (SRS), SNAP-Ⅳ rating scale and strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ) were used to evaluate the social ability, core symptoms and emotional and behavioral problems of the subjects.SPSS 26.0 was used for statistical analysis.Non parametric test was used to compare and analyze the differences in social ability, emotional and behavioral problems between the two groups.Spearman correlation analysis was used to analyze the relationship between social ability and core symptoms, emotional and behavioral problems of ADHD group.Generalized linear regression was used to analyze the impact of gender, age, IQ, core symptoms, emotional and behavioral problems of ADHD group on social ability.Results:In the ADHD group, the total score of SRS (65(42, 83)), social perception (10 (8, 13)), social cognition (13 (9, 19)), social communication (19 (11, 29)), and autism like behavior (9 (5, 14)) were significantly higher than those of TD group(38 (27.5, 59.5), 7 (4, 12.5), 8 (6, 15), 12 (6.5, 20), 4 (2, 11)) ( Z=-2.97, -2.75, -2.41, -3.01, -2.64, all P<0.05) .The total score of SDQ difficulty, influence factors, mood, hyperactivity, conduct and peer interaction were significantly higher than those of TD group ( Z=-5.80, -6.89, -2.82, -8.59, -2.52, -3.81, all P<0.05). The total score of SRS and the scores of each subscale in ADHD group were positively correlated with the total score of SNAP -Ⅳ and the scores of each subscale ( r=0.33-0.71, all P<0.05). The total score of SRS and the score of social communication scale were positively correlated with the total score of SDQ difficulty, influencing factors, emotion, hyperactivity, conduct and peer interaction subscale ( r=0.29-0.65, all P<0.05). Social perception was positively correlated with the total score of difficulty, hyperactivity and the scores of peer interaction subscale ( r=0.56, 0.32, 0.45, all P<0.05). The scores of social cognition and autism like behavior subscale were positively correlated with the total scores of difficulty, influencing factors, emotion and peer interaction subscale ( r=0.27-0.55, all P<0.05). The scores of social motivation subscale were positively correlated with the total scores of difficulty, emotion, hyperactivity, conduct and peer interaction subscale ( r=0.29-0.55, all P<0.05). The total score of SRS and the scores of each subscale were negatively correlated with the scores of prosocial behavior subscale ( r=-0.63--0.49, all P<0.05). The total score of SRS was positively affected by gender, age, opposites and disobedience, emotion, hyperactivity and peer interaction ( B=0.05-0.23, all P<0.05), and negatively affected by the prosocial behavior subscale ( B=-0.07, P<0.05). Conclusion:ADHD children often have obvious social ability defects, which are clearly related to core symptoms, emotional and behavioral problems.The risk factors are opposition and disobedience, emotions and peer relationships, and the protective factor is prosocial behaviors.