摘要Oligodendrocytes(OLs)are differentiated from oligodendrocyte precursor cells(OPCs)in the central nervous system(CNS).Demyelination is a common feature of many neurological diseases such as multiple sclerosis(MS)and leukodystrophies.Although spontaneous remyelination can happen after myelin injury,nevertheless,it is often insufficient and may lead to aggravated neurodegeneration and neurological disabilities.Our previous study has discovered that MEK/ERK pathway negatively regulates OPC-to-OL differentiation and remyelination in mouse models.To facilitate possible clinical evaluation,here we investigate several MEK inhibitors which have been approved by FDA for cancer therapies in both mouse and human OPC-to-OL differentiation systems.Trametinib,the first FDA approved MEK inhibitor,displays the best effect in stimulating OL generation in vitro among the four MEK inhibitors examined.Trametinib also significantly enhances remyelination in both MOG-induced EAE model and LPC-induced focal demyelination model.More exciting,trametinib facilitates the generation of MBP+OLs from human embryonic stem cells(ESCs)-derived OPCs.Mechanism study indicates that trametinib promotes OL generation by reducing E2F1 nuclear translocation and subsequent transcriptional activity.In summary,our studies indicate a similar inhibitory role of MEK/ERK in human and mouse OL generation.Targeting the MEK/ERK pathway might help to develop new therapies or repurpose existing drugs for demyelinating diseases.