摘要放射治疗作为胸部罕见肿瘤综合治疗体系的重要组成部分，其技术进展正深刻影响该类疾病的临床实践。如立体定向体部放射治疗等高精度技术不仅为无法手术的胸部类癌、肺肉瘤样癌、胸腺肿瘤等患者提供了潜在的根治机会，还在新辅助、辅助及姑息治疗等多类场景中发挥关键作用。此外，放射治疗与免疫治疗的联合应用展现出协同潜力，尤其对于程序性死亡配体1高表达肿瘤，通过激发远隔效应增强远处疾病的控制。然而，目前相关研究仍以小样本、回顾性分析为主，高级别证据匮乏。今后应致力于开展前瞻性临床试验，重点探索个体化放射治疗剂量模式、最佳联合策略，并推动建立针对中国人群的全国性诊疗协作网络，以系统提升此类罕见胸部肿瘤的放射治疗规范与疗效。

abstractsAs a key component of the comprehensive treatment framework for rare thoracic tumors, advances in radiation therapy techniques are profoundly influencing clinical practices for these diseases. High-precision technologies, such as stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT), not only offer potential curative opportunities for patients with inoperable thoracic carcinoids, pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma, thymic tumors, and others but also play a crucial role in various settings including neoadjuvant, adjuvant, and palliative therapy. Furthermore, the combination of radiation therapy and immunotherapy demonstrates synergistic potential, particularly for tumors with high programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression, by eliciting an abscopal effect to enhance control of distant disease. However, current relevant research primarily consists of small-sample, retrospective analyses, with a lack of high-level evidence. Future efforts should focus on conducting prospective clinical trials to explore personalized radiation dose regimens and optimal combination strategies, and on promoting the establishment of a nationwide diagnosis and treatment collaborative network specific to the Chinese population, thereby systematically improving the standardization and efficacy of radiation therapy for these rare thoracic tumors.