摘要Objective:To compare the effects and safety of conventional transarterial chemoembolization (cTACE) and yttrium-90 transarterial radioembolization [TARE (90Y)] for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) Methods:Nine high-quality observational studies, one low bias-risk randomized controlled trial (RCT), and one moderate bias-risk RCT included 1,652 patients [cTACE, 1,124; TARE (90Y), 528], from whom data were extracted for this systematic review and meta-analysis. Results:The extracted study outcomes included 1-year and 2-year overall survival (OS) rates, objective responses (ORs), and serious adverse events (AEs). 1-year OS rates: OR = 0.939, 95 ％ CI: 0.705-1.251,P = 0.66. 2-year OS rates: overall pooled OR =0.641, 95％ CI: 0.382-1.075,P = 0.092; observational study subgroup OR = 0.575, 95％ CI: 0.336-0.984,P = 0.043; RCT subgroup OR* = 0.641, 95％ CI: 0.382-1.075,P = 0.346. OR: overall pooled OR = 0.781, 95％ CI: 0.454-1.343,P = 0.371; mRECIST subgroup OR = 0.584, 95 ％ CI: 0.349-0.976,P = 0.040; WHO subgroup OR = 1.065; 95％ CI: 0.500-2.268,P = 0.870. Serious AEs: overall pooled RR = 1.477, 95％ CI: 0.864-2.526,P = 0.154; RCT subgroup RR = 0.680, 95％ CI: 0.325-1.423,P = 0.306; observational study subgroup RR = 1.925; 95 ％ CI: 0.978-3.788,P = 0.058. Conclusions:TARE (90Y) increased 2-year OS rates in the observational subgroup and resulted in better OR rates, according to mRECIST criteria, in comparison with cTACE. Furthermore, a lower risk of AEs was observed for TARE (90Y) than for cTACE.