摘要Objective: We aimed to summarize the clinicopathological characteristics and prognostic features of various molecular subtypes of diffuse gliomas (DGs) in the Chinese population.Methods: In total, 1,418 patients diagnosed with DG between 2011 and 2017 were classified into 5 molecular subtypes according to the 2016 WHO classification of central nervous system tumors. The IDH mutation status was determined by immunohistochemistry and/or DNA sequencing, and 1p/19q codeletion was detected with fluorescence in situ hybridization. The median clinical follow-up time was 1,076 days. T-tests and chi-square tests were used to compare clinicopathological characteristics. Kaplan?Meier and Cox regression methods were used to evaluate prognostic factors. Results: Our cohort included 15.5％ lower-grade gliomas, IDH-mutant and 1p/19q-codeleted (LGG-IDHm-1p/19q); 18.1％ lower-grade gliomas, IDH-mutant (LGG-IDHm); 13.1％ lower-grade gliomas, IDH-wildtype (LGG-IDHwt); 36.1％ glioblastoma, IDH-wildtype (GBM-IDHwt); and 17.2％ glioblastoma, IDH-mutant (GBM-IDHm). Approximately 63.3％ of the enrolled primary gliomas, and the median overall survival times for LGG-IDHm, LGG-IDHwt, GBM-IDHwt, and GBM-IDHm subtypes were 75.97, 34.47, 11.57, and 15.17 months, respectively. The 5-year survival rate of LGG-IDHm-1p/19q was 76.54％. We observed a significant association between high resection rate and favorable survival outcomes across all subtypes of primary tumors. We also observed a significant role of chemotherapy in prolonging overall survival for GBM-IDHwt and GBM-IDHm, and in prolonging post-relapse survival for the 2 recurrent GBM subtypes. Conclusions: By controlling for molecular subtypes, we found that resection rate and chemotherapy were 2 prognostic factors associated with survival outcomes in a Chinese cohort with DG.