摘要A recent publication by Espinosa-Carrasco et al.1 has illu-minated the critical roles of intratumoral immune triads—a unique cluster of CD4+T cells,CD8+T cells,and dendritic cells(DCs)—in mediating effective antitumor responses.These triads ensure that CD8+T cells receive the necessary help from CD4+T cells,mediated via the same DC,to effec-tively targeting and destroying cancer cells.The article's novel insight suggests a shift in focus from increasing the number of immune cells to optimizing their interactions within the tumor microenvironment.This groundbreaking study not only underscores the critical roles of CD4+T cells and DCs,but also highlights the intricate interplay among immune cell subsets within the tumor microenvironment.