摘要Elemene,derived from Curcuma wenyujin,one of the"8 famous genuine medicinal materials of Zhejiang province,"exhibits remarkable antitumor activity.It has gained wide recognition in clinical practice for effectiveness on tumors.Dr.XIE Tian introduced the innovative concept of"molecular compatibility theory"by combining Chinese medicine principles,specifically the"monarch,minister,assistant,and envoy"theory,with modern biomedical technology.This groundbreaking approach,along with a systematic analysis of Chinese medicine and modern biomedical knowledge,led to the development of elemene nanoliposome formulations.These novel formulations offer numerous advantages,including low toxicity,well-defined composition,synergistic effects on multiple targets,and excellent biocompatibility.Following the principles of the"molecular compatibility theory",further exploration of cancer treatment strategies and methods based on elemene was undertaken.This comprehensive review consolidates the current understanding of elemene's potential antitumor mechanisms,recent clinical investigations,advancements in drug delivery systems,and structural modifications.The ultimate goal of this review is to establish a solid theoretical foundation for researchers,empowering them to develop more effective antitumor drugs based on the principles of"molecular compatibility theory".