摘要目的:应用注意力机制网络的多实例学习（Attention-MIL）框架技术，实现慢性胃炎多项指标的自动识别。方法:收集2018年1月1日至12月31日复旦大学附属肿瘤医院诊断为胃炎活检病例1 015例和上海市浦东医院诊断为胃炎活检病例115例，所有病理切片经扫描仪进行数字化处理，转化为全载玻片成像（whole slide imaging，WSI），WSI标签依据胃炎病理报告，包含活动性、萎缩和肠化3项指标。所有的WSI分为训练集、单一测试集、混合测试集和外部测试集，Attention-MIL模型在3个测试集上评价自动识别的准确性。结果:Attention-MIL模型在240例WSI单一测试集上的受试者工作特征曲线下面积（AUC）值分别为：“活动性”0.98，“萎缩”0.89，“肠化”0.98，3项指标的平均准确率为94.2%。模型在117例WSI混合测试集上的AUC值分别为：“活动性”0.95，“萎缩”0.86，“肠化”0.94，3项指标的平均准确率为88.3%。模型在115例WSI外部测试集上的AUC值分别为：“活动性”0.93，“萎缩”0.84，“肠化”0.90，3项指标的平均准确率为85.5%。结论:在慢性胃炎的人工智能辅助病理诊断中，Attention-MIL模型的诊断准确性非常接近病理医师的诊断结果，这种弱监督下的深度学习模式适于病理人工智能技术的实际应用。

abstractsObjective:To explore the performance of the attention-multiple instance learning (MIL) framework, an attention fusion network-based MIL, in the automated diagnosis of chronic gastritis with multiple indicators.Methods:A total of 1 015 biopsy cases of gastritis diagnosed in Fudan University Cancer Hospital, Shanghai, China and 115 biopsy cases of gastritis diagnosed in Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Shanghai, China were collected from January 1st to December 31st in 2018. All pathological sections were digitally converted into whole slide imaging (WSI). The WSI label was based on the corresponding pathological report, including "activity" "atrophy" and "intestinal metaplasia". The WSI were divided into a training set, a single test set, a mixed test set and an independent test set. The accuracy of automated diagnosis for the Attention-MIL model was validated in three test sets.Results:The area under receive-operator curve (AUC) values of Attention-MIL model in single test sets of 240 WSI were: activity 0.98, atrophy 0.89, and intestinal metaplasia 0.98; the average accuracy of the three indicators was 94.2%. The AUC values in mixed test sets of 117 WSI were: activity 0.95, atrophy 0.86, and intestinal metaplasia 0.94; the average accuracy of the three indicators was 88.3%. The AUC values in independent test sets of 115 WSI were: activity 0.93, atrophy 0.84, and intestinal metaplasia 0.90; the average accuracy of the three indicators was 85.5%.Conclusions:To assist in pathological diagnosis of chronic gastritis, the diagnostic accuracy of Attention-MIL model is very close to that of pathologists. Thus, it is suitable for practical application of artificial intelligence technology.