摘要目的探讨用逆转录-聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）技术检测滑膜肉瘤石蜡包埋组织中SYT-SSX融合基因的可行性。方法　我们采用RT-PCR方法对37例福尔马林固定、石蜡包埋的滑膜肉瘤组织中SYT-SSX融合基因转录本进行了检测。为探讨SYT-SSX融合基因对滑膜肉瘤的特异性，一系列非滑膜肉瘤的肿瘤标本作为阴性对照。融合基因检测结果用测序的方法进行了证实。结果　37例滑膜肉瘤中33例（89.2%）可检测出SYT-SSX融合基因。34例非滑膜肉瘤的肿瘤标本中均未显示SYT-SSX融合基因产物扩增信号。此34例标本中均可检测到PBGD mRNA表达。33例SYT-SSX阳性滑膜肉瘤中，SYT-SSX1阳性22例，SYT-SSX2阳性6例，其余5例无法区分融合基因类型。融合基因类型与组织学亚型间存在相关性。所有10例双相型滑膜肉瘤均为SYT-SSX1型，而所有SYT-SSX2阳性滑膜肉瘤均为单相型（P<0.05）。 结论　我们的结果提示，RT-PCR技术可以用于存档的福尔马林固定、石蜡包埋组织，作为滑膜肉瘤诊断和鉴别诊断敏感而且可靠的技术。SYT-SSX融合基因类型与组织学亚型间存在相关性。SYT-SSX2型仅见于单相型滑膜肉瘤。

abstractsObjective To assess the feasibility of detecting SYT-SSX fusion transcripts in paraffin-embedded tissues of synovial sarcoma by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).Methods RT-PCR was used to amplify the SYT-SSX fusion transcripts using archival formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor specimens from a series of 37 synovial sarcoma cases. To investigate the specificity of the SYT-SSX fusion transcripts, a variety of non-synovial sarcoma tumors were included in the study as negative controls. The detected messages derived from fusion genes were confirmed by subsequent sequence analysis. Results SYT-SSX fusion transcripts were detected in 33 of 37 (89.2%) synovial sarcomas. None of the 34 cases of non-synovial sarcoma tumors showed amplified products of SYT-SSX fusion transcripts, although PBGD mRNA was detected in all specimens. Among 33 SYT-SSX-positive synovial sarcomas, 22 tumors had an SYT-SSX1 fusion transcript, whereas 6 tumors had an SYT-SSX2 fusion transcript. Fusion types can not be distinguished in the remaining 5 cases. There was a significant relationship between SYT-SSX fusion type and histologic subtype. All 10 biphasic synovial sarcomas had the SYT-SSX1 fusion, whereas all tumors with SYT-SSX2 were of monophasic morphology (P<0.05).Conclusions RT-PCR can be applied to archival formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor tissues as a sensitive and reliable technique for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of synovial sarcoma. There is an association between SYT-SSX fusion type and histological subtype. SYT-SSX2 fusion transcripts can only be found in monophasic synovial sarcoma.