摘要篇首： Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD), a rare disease, is characterized by an abnormal proliferation of lymphoid cells after solid organ transplantation.1 This complication is usually caused by the immunosuppressive therapy following transplantation.Though the techniques of early detection and diagnosis of the disease are well established, treatment is not so straightforward and poses a real challenge. At this time,options include anti-viral therapy, cytotoxic chemotherapy, cellular immunotherapy, and reduction of immunosuppression. But the effects of these therapies are not satisfying. Rituximab, a chimeric monoclonal anti-CD20 antibody used for the treatment of B cell lymphoma with a good effect, is rarely, especially in combination with chemotherapy, used for PTLD. In this report, we describe a case of PTLD treated with rituximab and chemotherapy resulting in complete remission.