摘要Background The surgical management of the absence of the vagina is a complex problem and constitutes a significant technical challenge.As the laparoscopy has been an important tool for the treatment of uterovaginal anomalies,we evaluated the feasibility of laparoscopic vaginoplasty using an ileal segment retrospectively.Methods Totally 86 patients who underwent laparoscopic vaginoplasty using an ileal segment in Beijing Anzhen Hospital during February 2004 to July 2007 were enrolled in this study.Of the 86 patients,70 (81.4%) underwent primary operations and 16 (18.6%) secondary operations.Nineteen (22.1%) patients underwent total laparoscopic vaginoplasty and 67 (77.9%) patients underwent laparoscope-assisted vaginoplasty.The operation time,cost of hospitalization,and hospital duration were compared between the two laparoscopic groups.The Student's t test and the Mann-Whitney test were used to examine the differences.Results All the surgeries were successfully completed with no any intraoperative complication.There were three major surgical complications in the postoperative period:one case of intra-abdominal hemorrhage,one case of meatal stenosis,and one case of intestinal obstruction.The mean follow-up period of this series was 18 months.Seventy-eight patients were satisfied with their sexual lives after the surgeries except 5 women complaining of vaginal stenosis and 3 with no sexual partner during the follow-up.Significant differences were obtained between total laparoscopic and laparoscope-assisted vaginoplasty groups,such as the operation time,cost of hospitalization,and hospital duration (P＜0.01).There were no significant differences in sexual function between the two groups.Conclusions The laparoscopic vaginoplasty using an ileal segment is satisfactory for cosmetic,functional,and anatomic results.Vaginoplasty with an ileal segment,performed by either total laparoscopic or laparoscope-assisted techniques,has a high success rate for a functional vagina.