摘要篇首： Anterior urethral strictures, where the length is more than 2 cm, are best treated by substitution urethroplasy with either preputial/penile skin flaps or free grafts.~1 The use of dartos pedicled flaps has many advantages in terms of increased survival thanks to its own vascularization. Recently, buccal mucosa has become increasingly popular among urologists for urethral replacement when local penile skin is unavailable.~2 Both penile skin flaps and buccal mucosa grafts have emerged as reliable urethral substitutes with comparable long-term results.~(3,4) These urethral substitutes are traditionally placed on the ventral aspect of the stricture and have a success rate of about 85%.~5 Recently, dorsal placement of the free graft has been described, allowing the skin patch/buccal mucosa to be spread and fixed on the tunica albuginea of the corporal bodies overlying the strictured segment of the urethra.~6 This location offers a better outcome. We reviewed our experience with dorsal and ventral onlay substitution urethroplasty using free buccal mucosa and pedicled penile/preputial flaps to determine the outcome and particular problems associated with each technique.