摘要目的 了解2010年至2011年上海地区手足口病患儿肠道病毒71型(EV71)的临床流行特征.方法 回顾性分析因手足口病住院儿童的临床及病原学资料.患儿粪便EV71采用一步法荧光定量RT-PCR检测.数据处理采用卡方检验.结果 2010年和2011年接受病原学检测的住院患儿中,EV71检出率分别为54.45％ (820/1506)和59.84％(924/1544).在重症和无并发症患儿中EV71检出率2010年分别为86.31％(372/431)和46.67％(448/1075),差异有统计学意义(x2=247.146,P＜0.01)；2011年分别为88.78％(380/428)和48.75％(544/1116),差异有统计学意义(x2=201.664,P＜0.01).上海地区手足口病流行高峰期的5至6月份EV71检出率可达60％～67％.1744例检出EV71的手足口病患儿中,男∶女为1.78∶1；6个月以下婴儿最少占0.46％(8/1744),1岁儿童最多占34.92％(609/1744),病例集中分布于1～3岁幼儿,占76.78％(1339/1744));外来流动儿童占72.76％(1269/1744).重症病例年龄及人群分布与EV71感染患儿相平行.9例合并肺水肿或肺出血的危重症手足口病患儿均为EV71感染所致.结论 EV71为近两年上海地区儿童手足口病流行的优势病原,绝大部分重症手足口病以及所有危重症病例均与EV71感染有关.

abstractsObjective To understand the clinical epidemiology of enterovirus 71 (EV71) in children with hand,foot,and mouth disease (HFMD) in Shanghai during 2010 to 2011.Methods The demographic,etiological and clinical data of children with HFMD were analyzed retrospectively.EV71 was tested in stool samples by one-step quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).The date were analyzed by Chi-square test.Results EV71 was detected in 820 (54.45％) of 1506 inpatients in 2010 and in 924 (59.84％) of 1544 inpatients in 2011,respectively.The detection rates in severe cases and uncomplicated cases were 86.31％ and 46.67％ (x2 =247.146,P＜0.01) in 2010 and 88.78％ and 48.75％ (x2 =201.664,P＜0.01) in 2011,respectively.The detection rate of EV71 was the highest (60％- 67 ％) during May and June when HFMD peaked.Among 1744 EV71-infected HFMD inpatients,the male-to-female ratio was 1.78 ∶ 1 ; the proportion of cases was the lowest in infant ＜6 months of age (0.46％,8/1744),and the highest in children 1 years of age (34.92％,609/1744); children aged 1-3 years accounted for 76.78％ (1339/1744);and migrant children accounted for 72.76 ％ (1269/1744).The demographic characteristics in severe cases were similar to those in general EV71-infected children.Nine severe cases of pulmonary edema/hemorrhage were all infected with EV71.Conclusions EV71 was a major pathogen causing the outbreaks of HFMD and severe complications in Shanghai in 2010 and 2011.Most severe cases and all critically severe cases were associated with EV71 infection.