摘要血流动力学在胚胎心脏发育与成熟心脏重塑过程中起着关键的调控作用，而涡流则是心血管血流动力学中最重要的流场特征之一。新兴的影像技术已实现了对涡流形态、强度及空间分布的可视化定量分析。在生理状态下，稳定的涡流状态能够提高泵血及射血效率，降低局部能耗，并调节壁面剪切力（WSS）以保护血管；而在病理状态下，涡流结构常遭破坏，表现为形态不规则、位置偏移、能耗增加及WSS分布异常。涡流分析有望重新定义“正常”与“病变”的界限，为心血管疾病的评估提供了前所未有的深度与维度，尤其在产前诊断、个体化手术规划和早期风险分层方面展现出巨大潜力。笔者综述涡流的基本概念、评估方法、生理意义及其在各类疾病中的病理特征，旨在为理解与探索心血管疾病的病理生理学机制提供全新视角。

abstractsHemodynamics plays a pivotal regulatory role in embryonic cardiac development and in remodeling of the mature heart，with vortical flow representing one of the most fundamental flow-field features of cardiovascular hemodynamics. Advances in imaging and computational technologies have enabled quantitative visualization and analysis of vortex morphology，strength，and spatial distribution. Under physiological conditions，stable vortical flow enhances cardiac pumping and ejection efficiency，reduces local energy dissipation，and modulates wall shear stress to protect the vasculature. In contrast，pathological states are often characterized by disrupted vortex structures，manifested as irregular morphology，spatial displacement，increased energy loss，and abnormal shear stress distributions. Vortex analysis has the potential to redefine the boundary between “normal” and “pathological” flows，providing unprecedented depth and dimensionality for the assessment of cardiovascular disease. This approach is particularly promising in prenatal diagnosis，individualized surgical planning，and early risk stratification. This review summarizes the fundamental concepts，assessment methodologies，and physiological significance of vortical flow，as well as its pathological characteristics across a range of cardiovascular diseases，with the aim of offering a novel perspective for understanding and exploring the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying cardiovascular disorders.