摘要目的:建立与人喉癌前病变发生相似的动物模型。方法:36只Wistar大鼠随机分为实验组和对照组，每组18只，使用体积分数为1%的4-硝基喹啉-1-氧化物（4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide，4NQO）溶液涂抹实验组大鼠喉部黏膜至20周，生理盐水涂抹对照组大鼠喉部黏膜，涂抹方法及时间同实验组，肉眼及内镜观察喉部黏膜变化，组织学观察并确定病变形成。应用SPSS 22.0软件进行统计学处理。结果:实验组大鼠在第4、8、12、16、20周的食量、饮水量及体重均低于对照组，差异均有统计学意义（ P值均<0.05）。实验组大鼠喉部逐渐出现白色斑块、浅表溃疡、糜烂以及粟粒状颗粒，组织学表现过程为轻、中、重度不典型增生及原位癌，对照组大鼠喉黏膜符合正常上皮表现。实验组大鼠喉黏膜组织中Ki67阳性细胞数在第4、8、12、16、20周的个数分别为13.5±2.4、35.6±5.8、53.4±8.3、78.8±11.6、80.6±12.4，对照组均为0个，差异均有统计学意义（ t值分别为9.74、10.63、11.14、11.77、11.26， P值均<0.01）。 结论:4NQO涂抹法的致病过程和组织病理学特征与人相似，此方法制备喉癌前病变动物模型实用易行，结果可靠。

abstractsObjective:To establish a rat model for laryngeal precancerous lesions histologically and pathologically comparable to the human counterpart.Methods:Thirty-six Wistar rats were randomly divided into experimental group and control group, with 18 rats in each group, and 1% 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO) solution and saline were respectively applied to the laryngeal mucosas of rats in two groups. During subsequent 20 weeks, the changes of laryngeal mucosas were regularly observed with naked eyes and endoscope and lesions were determined by histology. SPSS 22.0 software was used for statistical analysis.Results:The food intake, water intake and body weight of the rats in the experimental group were lower than those in the control group, with statistically significant differences (all P<0.05). White plaque, superficial ulcer, erosion and miliary particles were present in the larynxes of rats in the experimental group, with histological manifestations of atypical hyperplasia or carcinoma in situ, and normal epitheliums were shown in the control group. The number of Ki67 positive cells in the laryngeal mucosas of rats in the experimental group at the 4 th, 8 th, 12 th, 16 th, and 20 th weeks were 13.5±2.4, 35.6±5.8, 53.4±8.3, 78.8±11.6, 80.6±12.4, respectively, no Ki67 positive cells were found in the control group at individual time points, and the differences were statistically significant ( t=9.74, 10.63, 11.14, 11.77, 11.26, respectively, all P<0.01). Conclusion:4NQO can credibly cause rats laryngeal precancerous lesions, which morphologically and histologically mimic laryngeal carcinnogenesis. This method is practical, easy and reliable to prepare the animal model of laryngeal precancerous lesions.