摘要目的 了解气候、膳食结构存在较大差异的上海、福州、呼和浩特三城市婴幼儿湿疹的患病率,探讨不同气候、膳食结构下婴儿期喂养方式对婴幼儿湿疹的影响.方法 将2012年6至10月在上海、呼和浩特、福州社区儿童保健机构进行常规体检的2.5 ～3.5岁儿童依次纳入研究,父母或带养人填写问卷,回顾儿童既往湿疹患病情况、过敏家族史以及婴儿期喂养方式.采用Logistic回归模型分析一级亲属过敏史、母乳喂养时间、辅食添加月龄与湿疹发生的风险.结果 三城市共调查2.5～3.5岁儿童2 242名,上海750名、呼和浩特716名、福州776名.上海、呼和浩特、福州的儿童湿疹患病率依次为16.9％(127/750,95％ CI 16.87 ～ 16.93)、34.5％(247/716,95％ CI 34.46～34.54)和44.3％ (344/776,95％ CI 44.26～44.34),组间比较差异有统计学意义(x2=72.05,P＜0.05).福州6月龄以后添加辅食与4～＜6月龄添加辅食相比,对婴幼儿湿疹的比值比(OR)为0.58(95％ CI 0.41 ～0.81),其他两个城市添加辅食的月龄与湿疹未见显著关联.结论 三城市的婴幼儿湿疹患病率存在明显差异.福州与上海、呼和浩特辅食添加月龄对婴幼儿湿疹的影响不同,与气候因素、膳食结构的关系需要进一步研究.

abstractsObjective To estimate the prevalence of eczema in early childhood and effect of infant feeding practice on eczema by different regions of China with diverse climate and dietary patterns.Method A questionnaire survey was conducted from June 2012 to October 2012 in Shanghai,Hohhot,and Fuzhou.The parent or guardian of the children aged between 2.5 to 3.5 years attending routine health visit in the chosen communities were invited to complete a modified questionnaire of the International Study of Asthma and Allergy in Childhood (ISAAC).Logistic regression model was used to analyze of the family history of allergy,duration of breastfeeding,timing of introduction of complementary foods and other potential confounders.Result A total of 2 242 children were interviewed,750 from Shanghai,716 from Hohhot,and 776 from Fuzhou.The prevalence of eczema in early childhood was significantly different among Shanghai (16.9％,95％ CI 16.87-16.93),Hohhot (34.5％,95％ CI 34.46-34.54) and Fuzhou (44.3％,95％ CI 44.26-44.34).The difference was statistically significant between 3 groups (x2 =72.05,P ＜ 0.05).Introducing complementary food after the age of 6 months was associated with a decreased risk for eczema when compared to introduction between 4 to 6 months (odds ratio (OR) 0.58,95％ CI 0.41-0.81) in Fuzhou,while there was no significant association between timing of introduction of complementary foods and eczema in Shanghai and Hohhot.Conclusion The prevalence of eczema during early childhood is various among three cities.The relationship between timing of introduction of complementary foods and eczema in Fuzhou is different from that in Shanghai and Hohhot.The role of climate and dietary patterns on prevalence of eczema needs further studies.