摘要目的:探讨需要体外膜肺氧合（ECMO）救治的儿科急性呼吸窘迫综合征（PARDS）的死亡危险因素。方法:回顾性分析国内6家ECMO中心于2012年9月至2020年2月需要ECMO支持的109例重度PARDS患儿的临床资料，按照预后分为存活组和死亡组。采用χ2检验或秩和检验对比分析两组患儿的人口统计学资料、实验室检查、ECMO前后临床资料及其相关支持措施，应用单因素和多因素Logistic回归模型分析其预后相关危险因素。结果:共109例接受ECMO支持的重度PARDS患儿入组本研究。死亡组54例，存活组55例；与存活组比较，死亡组在ECMO支持期间急性肾损伤（AKI）［48.1%（26/54）比21.8%（12/55），χ2=8.318， P=0.004］及凝血功能障碍［22.2%（12/54）比7.3%（4/55），χ2=4.862， P=0.027］发生率与肾替代治疗应用率［48.1%（26/54）比21.8%（12/55），χ2=9.694， P=0.008］均明显高于存活组。Logistic回归分析显示发生AKI与连续肾脏替代治疗（CRRT）治疗是需要ECMO支持的重度PARDS患儿的独立死亡危险因素（ HR=3.88，95% CI 1.04~14.52； HR=4.84，95% CI 1.21~19.46；均 P<0.05）。 结论:PARDS在ECMO支持期间，发生AKI与需CRRT治疗均为影响预后的独立危险因素。

abstractsObjective:To explore the risk factors for mortality in pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome (PARDS) requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support.Methods:Clinical data of 109 patients with severe PARDS supported by ECMO, who were hospitalized in 6 ECMO centers in China from September 2012 to February 2020, were retrospectively analyzed. They were divided into survival group and death group according to the prognosis. Chi-square test and rank sum test were used to compare the variables between the two groups, including the demographic data, laboratory examination results, clinical data before and after ECMO, and other supportive treatment. Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression models were used to analyze the prognostic risk factors.Results:In these 109 cases, 54 died and 55 survived. Compared with the survival group, the death group had higher incidences of acute kidney injury (AKI) (48.1% (26/54) vs. 21.8% (12/55) , χ2=8.318, P=0.004) and coagulation dysfunction (22.2% (12/54) vs. 7.3% (4/55) , χ2=4.862, P=0.027), and higher rate of renal replacement therapy (48.1% (26/54) vs. 21.8% (12/55) , χ2=9.694, P=0.008) during ECMO support. Logistic regression analysis showed that continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) and AKI were independent risk factors for death in patients with severe PARDS requiring ECMO support ( HR=3.88,95% CI 1.04-14.52, HR=4.84,95% CI 1.21-19.46, both P<0.05). Conclusion:AKI and CRRT are independent risk factors for predicting mortality in patients with severe PARDS requiring ECMO support.