摘要目的:总结儿童白细胞介素1受体相关激酶4（IRAK4）缺陷症的临床特点。方法:回顾性分析2019年6月至2020年8月多次入住深圳市儿童医院神经内科的1例确诊IRAK4缺陷症患儿的临床资料及诊治经过，并分别以“IRAK4基因变异”“白细胞介素1受体相关激酶4缺陷症”“IRAK4 gene variation”“IRAK4 deficiency”为检索词分别在中国知网、万方、维普及PubMed数据库查询建库至2021年1月的相关文献，总结分析该病的临床特点。结果:患儿 男，6岁，易反复患呼吸道感染性疾病，予抗菌药物治疗后好转，临床表现有严重的肺炎链球菌脑膜脑炎、多发性硬化、侵袭性椎间盘炎、炎性骨质破坏。家系全外显子测序显示其IRAK4基因存在1个纯合移码变异：NM_016123. 3：c.540del（p.Phe180Leufs*26），父母均为杂合子。10篇英文文献共详细报道23例，加上本例，合计24例患儿，其中男13例、女11例，起病年龄8日龄至7岁，主要表现为复发性侵袭性细菌感染23例，肺炎链球菌脑膜炎11例，肺炎链球菌和（或）金黄色葡萄球菌败血症9例，铜绿假单胞菌脑膜炎、沙门菌感染、金黄色葡萄球菌皮肤脓肿、复发性病毒感染各1例。有2例合并自身免疫性疾病，1例为自身免疫性脑炎，1例为幼年特发性关节炎。24例患儿中10例死亡，其中9例在婴儿期死亡。存活患儿中多确诊早且预防性使用抗菌药物和静脉注射用人免疫球蛋白，但易感性逐年降低，14岁可接近正常儿童。24例患儿中IRAK4基因纯合变异21例，复合杂合变异3例。共有15种变异，移码变异9种、无义变异4种、错义变异2种。有一个备选变异热点：c.877 C>T，有3例。结论:IRAK4缺陷症主要表现为复发侵袭性细菌感染，以肺炎链球菌脑膜炎或败血症多见，少数伴自身免疫性疾病。婴儿期病死率高，早期确诊并治疗可避免重症或病死。

abstractsObjective:To summarize the clinical characteristics of children with interleukin-1 receptor associated kinase 4 (IRAK4) deficiency.Methods:The clinical data of a child with IRAK4 deficiency who was admitted to the Department of Neurology of Shenzhen Children′s Hospital for several times from June 2019 to August 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Related literature up to January 2021 with the key words "IRAK4 gene variation", and "interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4 deficiency" in PubMed, CNKI, Wanfang, and CQVIP databases were searched. The clinical characteristics of this disease were summarized and analyzed.Results:The boy was 6 years of age and had recurrent respiratory tract infections. He was improved after antibiotic treatment. His clinical manifestation included Streptococcus pneumoniae meningoencephalitis, multiple sclerosis, invasive discitis and inflammatory bone destruction. Family-based whole exome sequencing showed that the boy had a homozygous frameshift variation in the IRAK4 gene, NM_016123.3:C.540del (p.Phe180leufs*26), and both parents were heterozygous. A total of 23 cases were reported in ten English articles. Together with this case, there were 24 cases, including 13 males and 11 females. The age of onset was 8 days to 7 years. The main manifestations were recurrent invasive bacterial infection, including 11 cases with Streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis, 9 cases with Streptococcus pneumoniae and (or) Staphylococcus aureus septicemia, 1 case with Pseudomonas aeruginosa meningitis, 1 case of salmonella infection, and 1 case with Staphylococcus aureus skin abscess. Only 1 case had recurrent virus infection. There were 2 patients with autoimmune diseases, 1 with autoimmune encephalitis and the other one with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Among the 24 cases, 10 died (9 in infancy). Most of the surviving children were diagnosed early and received antibiotics preventively and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG). Their susceptibility to infection decreased year by year, and could be close to normal children at the age of 14 years. Among the 24 cases, 21 cases had homozygous variation of IRAK4 gene and 3 cases had complex heterozygous variation. There were 15 kinds of variation, including 9 kinds of frameshift variation, 4 kinds of nonsense variation and 2 kinds of missense variation. One candidate variation hotspot was c.877 c>T (3 cases). Conclusions:IRAK4 deficiency mainly manifest as recurrent and invasive bacterial infection, with Streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis or septicemia being the most common. A few patients are complicated with autoimmune diseases. The mortality rate is high in infancy, early diagnosis and treatment can avoid severe illness or death.