摘要目的:总结经导管介入治疗儿童先天性冠状动脉-心腔瘘（CCF）的经验及中远期随访结果。方法:病例对照研究。选择2005年1月至2019年12月在广东省人民医院接受经导管介入治疗的66例先天性CCF患儿作为研究对象，收集并分析其临床基线资料、手术效果、术中及术后严重不良事件、随访结果及预后等资料。根据是否发生严重不良事件将患儿进行分组，比较严重不良事件组和无严重不良事件组一般情况及CCF特征的差异。组间比较采用独立样本 t检验、 χ2检验或Fisher确切概率法。 结果:66例先天性CCF的患儿中男34例、女32例，年龄3.9（1.9，6.2）岁，体重15（11，20）kg。66例CCF均为中型或大型瘘管，其中近端型瘘管55例（83%），远端型瘘管11例（17%）；瘘管起源于右冠状动脉38例（58%），起源于左冠状动脉28例（42%）；合并冠状动脉瘤（CAA）40例（61%）。66例患儿中64例患儿完成封堵治疗，5例患儿发生6例次围手术期严重不良事件。围手术期手术成功率为92%（59/64），围手术期不良事件发生率为9%（6/64），其中2例患儿术中发生了2例次严重不良事件，包括手术相关死亡1例，急性心肌梗死1例；3例患儿术后随访1 d发生了4例次严重不良事件，包括急性心肌梗死2例、三尖瓣腱索断裂1例、封堵器脱落1例。共58例患儿完成中远期随访，随访时间9.3（6.5，13.4）年。9例患儿发生10例次严重不良事件，中远期严重不良事件发生率为17%（10/58），其中5例次并发症（1例次新发CAA、1例次主动脉瓣穿孔、1例次冠状动脉血栓形成、2例次新发三尖瓣脱垂伴重度反流）以及5例次大量残余分流（瘘管再通）。围手术期及随访期间，13例患儿发生16例次严重不良事件，51例患儿未发生严重不良事件。发生严重不良事件组患儿的大型瘘管［11/13比39%（20/51）， P=0.005］、巨大CAA［10/13比14%（7/51）， P=0.030］所占比例均明显高于无不良事件组患儿，肺动脉平均压明显高于无不良事件组患儿［（20±9）比（16±6）mmHg，1 mmHg=0.133 kPa， t=2.02， P=0.048］。 结论:经导管介入治疗儿童先天性CCF即刻疗效确切，中远期有效性和安全性尚可，但需严格把握CCF介入治疗适应证。

abstractsObjective:To evaluate the intermediate and long-term outcomes and technical aspects of transcatheter closure (TCC) of coronary cameral fistulas (CCF) in pediatric patients.Methods:This was a case-control study. All pediatric patients with CCF who underwent TCC between January 2005 and December 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. Data was collected from medical records, including demographic characteristics, procedural details, intraoperative and postoperative serious adverse events, follow-up results and prognosis. Patients with serious adverse events and without serious adverse events were compared regarding their clinical features and CCF characteristics. Comparisons between groups were performed with independent sample t test, chi-square test or Fisher exact test. Results:A total of 66 CCF patients (34 boys, 32 girls, 3.9 (1.9, 6.2) years old, 15 (11, 20) kg) underwent attempted TCC. All of the CCF were all medium or large fistulas including 55 proximal fistulas (83%) and 11 distal fistulas (17%). The CCF originated more frequently from the right coronary artery (38 cases (58%)), followed by the left coronary artery (28 cases (42%)). The incidence of coronary artery aneurysms (CAA) was 61% (40/66).Procedural treatment was achieved in 64 patients and procedural success was achieved in 59 patients (92%). Six (9%) serious adverse events occurred in 5 patients during the perioperative period. Acute complications included procedure-related death in one patient and acute myocardial infarction in one patient. Periprocedural complications occurred in 3 patients at one day postoperatively including acute myocardial infarction (2 cases), occluder detachment (1 case), and tricuspid chordae tendinae rupture (1 case). Clinical follow-up data were available in 58 of the 62 patients who underwent initial successful TCC with a follow-up period of 9.3 (6.5, 13.4) years. Ten adverse events occurred in 9 patients including 5 complications consisted of aortic valve perforation (1 case), coronary thrombosis (1 case), progressive aneurysmal dilation after reintervention (1 case), and new-onset tricuspid valve prolapse with significant regurgitation (2 cases) and large residual shunts due to fistula recanalization (5 cases). Therefore, the incidence of intermediate and long-term adverse events was 17% (10/58). During the periprocedural and follow-up period, 16 adverse events occurred in 13 patients, whereas no adverse events occurred in 51 patients. Patients with seriovs adverse events presented with larger proportion of large CCF (11/13 vs. 39% (20/51), P=0.005), giant CAA (10/13 vs.14% (7/51), P=0.030), and higher mean pulmonary artery pressure ((20±9) vs.(16±6) mmHg, 1 mmHg=0.133 kPa, t=2.02, P=0.048) compared to patients without serious adverse events. Conclusions:TCC in CCF children appears to be effective with favorable intermediate and long-term outcomes. Strict indication of TCC is mandatory.