摘要放疗领域中，辐射旁效应和远隔效应日益受到关注。研究表明，辐射旁效应和远隔效应可从辐射区域扩展至非靶向细胞或组织。肺部辐射旁效应和远隔效应可分为肺－肺型、肺－肺外组织型和肺外组织－肺型，其发生机制涉及氧化应激、免疫反应和外泌体的作用等。这些效应具有双重作用，既可造成损伤，也具有治疗潜力。免疫反应是关键机制之一，放疗联合免疫治疗可增大远隔效应的发生率。研究者正在探索多种干预措施以控制或利用这些效应，未来研究需继续深入探讨辐射旁效应和远隔效应的生物学机制，特别是针对特定器官或部位，以提高放疗的疗效和安全性。本综述探讨了肺相关辐射旁效应和远隔效应的最新进展，涵盖其定义、分类、发生机制、作用特点、影响因素及干预策略。

abstractsIn the field of radiotherapy, radiation-induced bystander and abscopal effects have attracted increasing attention. Studies indicate that these effects can extend from irradiated regions to non-irradiated cells or tissues. Radiation-induced bystander and abscopal effects related to lung can be categorized into lung-lung type, lung-extrapulmonary tissue type, and extrapulmonary tissue-lung type. The mechanism of its occurrence involves oxidative stress, immune response, and the role of extracellular vesicles. These effects exhibit a dual characteristic of inducing damage to normal tissues and increasing tumor therapeutic potential. Immune responses represent a pivotal mechanism, and the combination of radiotherapy with immunotherapy may enhance the incidence of abscopal effects. Researchers are exploring various intervention strategies to control or utilize these effects. Future studies should further investigate the underlying biological mechanisms, particularly in specific organs or sites, to improve the efficacy and safety of radiotherapy. This review explores the latest advances in lung-related radiation-induced bystander and abscopal effects, encompassing their definitions, classifications, mechanisms, functional characteristics, influencing factors, and intervention strategies.