摘要目的:分析Naples预后评分(NPS)与局部晚期直肠癌(LARC)新辅助治疗疗效相关性及其预测预后价值。方法:回顾性分析2015—2020年136例LARC患者资料，搜集并计算新辅助治疗前血清白蛋白、总胆固醇、中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值和淋巴细胞与单核细胞比值，根据NPS法则对入组患者进行评分分级。采用 Kaplan- Meier法计算生存率， Cox模型多因素预后分析。 结果:NPS与LARC新辅助治疗后肿瘤退缩程度及术后pCR无相关性( P＝0.192、0.163)。 Cox多因素分析显示NPS是LARC的总生存(OS)及无瘤生存(DFS)的独立危险因素( P＝0.017、0.003)，且分层分析提示评分越低者预后较好；此外，肿瘤大小也是OS的独立危险因素，肿瘤大小与N分期也是DFS的独立危险因素。 结论:NPS与LARC新辅助放化疗后肿瘤退缩及pCR无相关性，但能作为LARC治疗长期预后的有效预测指标。

abstractsObjective:To analyze the correlation between the Naples prognostic score (NPS) after preoperative neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) and evaluate the prognostic value of NPS in LARC.Methods:136 patients with LARC meeting the recruitment criteria from 2015 to 2020 were selected. Serum albumin, total cholesterol (TC) were collected and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio and lymphocyte-monocyte ratio were calculated. All patients were scored and graded according to the NPS rule. The survival rate was calculated with Kaplan- Meier method. Multivariate prognostic analysis was performed by Cox models. Results:There was no significant correlation between NPS score and tumor regression or pathological complete response (pCR) of LARC patients after neoadjuvant therapy ( P=0.192, P=0.163). However, Cox multivariate analysis showed that NPS was an independent risk factor for overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) of LARC ( P=0.009, P=0.003), and hierarchical analysis suggested that LARC patients with lower NPS score obtained better prognosis. Besides NPS, tumor size was also an independent risk factor for OS, and tumor size and N stage were the independent risk factors for DFS. Conclusion:NPS has no correlation with tumor regression or pCR for LARC after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, whereas it could serve as an effective predictor for long-term prognosis of LARC.