摘要前列腺癌是全球男性第二位发病率的恶性肿瘤。前列腺癌因其特殊的生物学特性（α/β值较小）采用大分割放疗可提高肿瘤控制率。因此，美国国家综合癌症网指南已将大分割放疗作为局限性前列腺癌的首选放疗方案。但大分割放疗在前列腺癌根治切除术后的盆腔放疗中应用较少，其安全性和有效性尚待明确，探索根治性前列腺癌切除术后大分割放疗的可行性成为近年临床研究的热点之一。本文将术后中等大分割放疗按照单次分割剂量分类，从研究背景、回顾性研究、前瞻性研究、正在开展的临床试验等方面进行综述。

abstractsProstate cancer is the second most common malignancy among men worldwide. Owing to its unique biological characteristics (a low α/β ratio), hypofractionated radiotherapy can improve tumor control in prostate cancer. Consequently, the American National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines have recommended hypofractionated radiotherapy as the preferred treatment option for localized prostate cancer. However, the use of hypofractionated radiotherapy in pelvic irradiation after radical prostatectomy remains limited, and its safety and efficacy are yet to be fully established. Investigating the feasibility of moderate-hypofractionated post-prostatectomy radiotherapy has therefore become a recent focus of clinical research. In this review, moderate-hypofractionated post-prostatectomy radiotherapy was categorized according to the per-fraction dose and current evidence was summarized from retrospective studies, prospective studies, and ongoing clinical trials.