摘要目的 观察单节段腰椎间盘突出症导致的坐骨神经形态及直径变化,分析坐骨神经直径与患者临床症状严重程度及手术治疗预后的相关性.方法 回顾性分析2017年1月至2017年12月共70例因单节段腰椎间盘突出症于我院行手术治疗患者资料,其中男30例,女40例;年龄20～75岁,平均53.59岁.统计采集患者的突出节段、症状侧、MRI突出类型、手术方式等资料.此外,通过坐骨神经B超评估双侧坐骨神经手术前和手术后3月的直径及形态变化.采用视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)、日本骨科协会评估治疗分数-腰椎(Japanese Orthopaedic Association scores,JOA)和Oswestry功能障碍指数问卷(Oswestry disability index,ODI)指数评估患者的疼痛和神经功能.将坐骨神经直径和上述评分进行相关性分析确定其与腰椎间盘突出症患者临床症状及临床预后的相关性.结果 急性腰椎间盘突出可导致患者坐骨神经增粗,直径为(5.19±1.03) mm,健侧为(4.57±0.64) mm,差异有统计学意义(t=6.735,P=0.000).术前患侧健侧坐骨神经之比与术前腰痛VAS评分无相关性(r=-0.061,P=0.614),与术前腿痛VAS评分正相关(r=0.838,P=0.001),与术前腰椎JOA评分负相关(r=-0.857,P=0.001),与术前ODI指数正相关(r=0.881,P=0.000).患侧坐骨神经直径由术前(5.19±1.03) mm下降为术后3个月(4.58±0.63) mm,差异有统计学意义(t=6.865,P=0.000),健侧坐骨神经直径无显著变化.患者临床症状经手术治疗后显著改善,手术前后坐骨神经直径改善率与下肢VAS改善率正相关(r=0.624,P=0.003)、与腰椎JOA改善率正相关(r=0.615,P=0.003)、与ODI改善率正相关(r=0.722,P=0.002),但与腰痛VAS改善率无相关性(r=-0.025,P=0.836).结论 急性单节段腰椎间盘突出症患者单一神经根的受压可导致其坐骨神经水肿增粗等形态学的改变,这种改变与患者的临床症状的严重程度和临床预后密切相关.

abstractsObjective To explore the effect of single level lumbar disc herniation on the morphology and diameter of sciatic nerve,and to identify the correlation between the diameter change in sciatic nerve and severity of clinical symptoms,as well as the prognosis of surgical treatment in patients with lumbar disc herniation.Methods From January 1,2017 to December 31,2017,Seventy lumbar disc herniation (LDH) patients who underwent single-level posterior lumbar spine surgery were recruited in this retrospective analysis study.Specific data including age,gender,the level of a disc herniation,the type of disc herniation,symptomatic side,surgical procedure were recorded respectively.In addition the morphological changes and the diameter of bilateral sciatic nerve were recorded preoperatively and postoperatively by B-mode ultrasound.Furthermore,the pain in patients and neurological function were evaluated by visual analogue scale (VAS,back pain and leg pain),Japanese orthopaedic association scores-lumbar (JOA) and Oswestry disability index (ODI).The correlation between the diameter of sciatic nerve and clinical features,as well as clinical prognosis of patients were identified in the present study.Results For patients with acute lumbar disc herniation,the diameter of sciatic nerve in affected side was 5.19±1.03 ram,which is significantly higher than that in the unaffected side (4.57±0.64 mm,t=6.735,P=0.000).In addition,preoperative ratio of the affected side to the healthy side of the sciatic nerve showed strong correlation with the VAS of leg pain (r=0.838,P=0.001),JOA (r=-0.857,P=0.001),and ODI score(r=0.881,P=0.000),but not with the VAS of back pain (r=-0.061,P=0.614).Three months after surgery,the diameter of sciatic nerve in the affected side decreased to 4.58±0.63 mm (t=6.865,P=0.000),while the unaffected side showed no significant change(t=0.300,P=0.765).Clinical improvement was observed in all the patients postoperatively.The changes in the diameter of sciatic nerve postoperatively in affected side showed strong correlation to the rate of improvement in VAS of leg (r=0.624,P=0.003),JOA(r=0.615,P=0.003) and ODI scores (r=0.722,P=0.002),but not to the rate of improvement in VAS of back (r=-0.025,P=0.836).Conclusion Single root compression in patients with single level disc herniation might cause morphological changes such as thickening and edema in sciatic nerve,which were closely related to the severity of clinical symptoms and the prognosis of surgical treatment.