摘要我国原发性肝癌（肝癌）疾病负担严重，预后不理想。通过简便的方法对肝癌高危人群进行早期筛查，是实现早期诊断和早期治疗，提高肝癌生存率的关键。目前在肝癌的早期筛查方面，甲胎蛋白等血液学检查仍是主要手段，但是其灵敏度及特异度有限，存在高漏诊风险。近年来随着科学技术的不断发展，对传统检测方法的改进以及新兴标志物如甲基化DNA、微小RNA等的出现，为进一步提高早期肝癌筛查的灵敏度和特异度带来了希望。此专家共识总结了传统及新型血液学检查手段的研究进展，并提出了在肝癌早期筛查中应用的专家指导意见，旨在为肝癌早期筛查中血液学检查的应用提供依据，改善我国肝癌防控水平。

abstractsThe disease burden of hepatocellular carcinoma in our country is serious, and the prognosis is not ideal. Therefore, early screening of high-risk groups of hepatocellular carcinoma through simple methods is the key to achieving early diagnosis and treatment and improving survival. At present, alpha fetoprotein (AFP) and other hematological tests are still the main methods in the early screening of hepatocellular carcinoma, but their sensitivity and specificity are limited, and the risk of missed diagnosis is high. In recent years, with the continuous development of science and technology, the improvement of traditional detection methods and the emergence of new markers such as methylated DNA and miRNA have brought hope for further improving the sensitivity and specificity of early hepatocellular carcinoma screening. This consensus summarizes the research progress of traditional and new hematological examination methods, and puts forward the expert guidance on the role of hematological markers in the early screening of hepatocellular carcinoma; with aim to provide a basis for improving the prevention and control level in China.