摘要非酒精性脂肪性肝病（NAFLD）是一种累及全身多个系统的临床疾病，其疾病谱包括肥胖、2型糖尿病、代谢综合征、心血管疾病、慢性肾病、非肝脏恶性肿瘤、认知障碍和多囊卵巢综合征等诸多肝外表现。心血管疾病是NAFLD患者最常见的死亡原因，其次是非肝脏恶性肿瘤、2型糖尿病和其他肝脏相关并发症。不仅如此，这些肝外疾病的严重程度与NAFLD的严重程度密切相关。在临床中，认识并了解合并疾病之间的相互关系对疾病谱启动迅速且及时的筛查和多学科治疗管理具有重要意义。2020年，来自22个国家的专家达成共识，将NAFLD重新定义为代谢（功能障碍）相关性脂肪性肝病（MAFLD），这也导致了这一患者群体得到重新定义。尽管MAFLD患者和NAFLD患者大部分重合，但两个群体仍具有一定的差异性。因此，将NAFLD患者和MAFLD患者发生的主要肝外合并症进行对比，并探讨其相互间的影响。

abstractsNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a multisystemic clinical condition that presents with a wide spectrum of extrahepatic manifestations, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular diseases, chronic kidney disease, extrahepatic malignancies, cognitive disorders, and polycystic ovarian syndrome. Among NAFLD patients, the most common mortality etiology is cardiovascular disorders, followed by extrahepatic malignancies, diabetes mellitus, and liver-related complications. Furthermore, the severity of extrahepatic diseases is parallel to the severity of NAFLD. In clinical practice, aware-ness of the associations of concomitant diseases is of major importance for initiating prompt and timely screening and multidisciplinary management of the disease spectrum. In 2020, a consensus from 22 countries redefined the disease as metabolic (dysfunction)-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), which resulted in the redefinition of the corresponding population. Although the patients diagnosed with MAFLD and NAFLD mostly overlap, the MAFLD and NAFLD populations are not identical. In this review, we compared the associations of key extrahepatic diseases between NAFLD and MAFLD.