摘要目的 调查远洋渔业船员远航期间心理状况的变化,为进一步综合调查和制定心理卫生防护措施提供依据.方法 采用SCL-90症状自评量表、sRSS睡眠问卷、李超平教授修订的MBI-GS职业倦怠量表及应付方式量表分别于航行前3d、航行3个月、6个月及航行后7d时,对远洋渔业船员进行重复性横断面团体问卷抽样调查和分析,并与我国成人常模进行比较,再进行统计学分析.结果 远洋渔业船员航行前3d SCL-90量表评分与我国成人常模比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);但远航3个月后,远洋渔业船员群体心理状况明显低落,其10项因子和SCI-90总均分均明显高于出航前3d和返航后7d,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01),且在航行6个月时较3个月时评分进一步提高(P＜0.05).远洋渔业船员在睡眠时间、睡眠质量、觉醒不足、睡眠不足、入睡困难、睡眠不稳、恶梦夜惊、服药情况及睡眠状况总分等项目评分明显低于成人常模和远洋海员组,差异有统计学意义(P ＜0.05或P＜0.01).远航3个月后,远洋渔业船员群体职业倦怠量表3个维度及倦怠综合评分均明显高于出航前3d和返航后7d(P＜0.01),且在航行6个月时较3个月时倦怠评分进一步提高,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).在14个应对方式项目中,远洋渔业船员仅仅烟酒解脱方式比成人常模高,其他的应对方式得分均低于成人常模组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01) 结论 远洋渔业船员的心理状态在远航3个月后明显低落,在6个月时进一步加深.远洋渔业船员群体远航期间心理健康状况较差,应引起有关部门的重视.

abstractsObjective To investigate changes in the mental health status of pelagic fishermen during prolonged voyage,so as to provide solid evidence for further comprehensive investigation and development of mental health protection measures.Methods SCL-90 symptom checklist,sRSS sleep questionnaire,the revised version of MBI-GS burnout inventory by Professor Li Chaoping and Coping style scale were used to perform a repeated cross-sectional group questionnaire survey and analysis in pelagic fishermen,3 days before sailing,at month 3 and month 6 during voyage,and at day7 after voyage.The obtained data were compared with those of the Chinese norms and statistical analysis was also made in the study.Results There was no statistical significance in the scores of SCL-90 scales 3 days before sailing,as compared with those of the Chinese adult norms (P ＞0.05).However,at month 3 after prolonged voyage,the mental health status of the pelagic fishermen as a whole was significantly decreased.Total average scores of the 10 factors and SCL-90 were significantly higher than those of the data detected 3 days before sailing and at day 7 after sailing (P ＜0.01).Furthermore,the data detected at month 6 were further increased,as compared with those detected at month 3 (P ＜ 0.05).In addition,such data as sleep time,sleep quality,lack of awakening,lack of sleep,difficulty in falling asleep,sleep instability,nightmare and night terror,medication and total sleep scores of the pelagic fishermen were all significantly lower than those of the Chinese norms and the oceangoing seafarers,and statistical significance could be noticed when comparisons were made between them (P ＜ 0.05 or P ＜ 0.01) Three months after voyage,the 3 dimensional scores of the burnout inventory and burnout comprehensive scores in the pelagic fishermen were all significantly higher than those 3 days before sailing and at day 7 after sailing (P ＜ 0.01).Furthermore,the burnout scores detected at month 6 were higher than those detected at month 3,also with statistical significance (P ＜ 0.05).In the 14 coping styles,the percentage of relief only through the access of smoking and alcoholism in the pelagic fishermen was higher than that of the Chinese norms.However,the scores of other coping styles were all lower than those of the Chinese norms,also with statistical significance (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions The mental status of the pelagic fishermen obviously got lower after 3 months of prolonged voyage,and it would further worsen at month 6.The mental health status of the pelagic fishermen during prolonged voyage was poor,which relevant administrative departments should pay special attention to.