摘要目的 通过研究高正加速度(+Gz)应激与飞行员唾液α淀粉酶(Salivary α-amylase,SAA)之间的关系,探讨SAA作为+G2应激身体机能评价手段的可行性. 方法 47例高性能战斗机飞行员着HP抗荷服在载人离心机上进行训练,分别在+6.5Gz、+7.0Gz和+8.0Gz暴露前、后取其唾液,采用酶动态比色法检测SAA水平. 结果 ①SAA、唾液皮质醇在不同+Gz作用后的变化有统计学差异(F＝17.712、3.427,P＜0.01或0.05);多重比较的结果显示+6.5Gz、+7.0Gz、+8.0Gz暴露前与暴露后SAA差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01),3种不同+Gz暴露后较暴露前SAA均有明显升高(t＝5.256～5.449,P＜0.01);+7.0 Gz、+8.0Gz暴露后的皮质醇浓度高于基础值(P＜0.05或0.01),+8.0Gz暴露后较+6.5Gz、+7.0Gz、+8.0Gz前唾液皮质醇浓度显著升高(P＜0.05).②机种、年龄、飞行总时间对不同+Gx暴露后飞行员SAA及唾液皮质醇浓度变化无影响.③飞行员唾液皮质醇浓度与年龄、飞行机种呈负相关(r＝-0.328、-0.694,P＜0.05),与飞行总时间、+Gz值呈正相关(r＝0.466、0.141,P＜0.05),飞行员SAA与+Gz值呈正相关(r＝ 0.354,P＜0.01).④不同+Gz暴露前后唾液皮质醇与SAA之间无显著相关性. 结论 SAA可随+Gz应激快速灵敏地升高,并迅速恢复至基础值,可作为+Gz应激的有效评价指标.

abstractsObjective To investigate the influence of +Gz acceleration on saliva a-amylase (SAA) of pilots,so as to assess the feasibility of taking SAA as an indicator of +Gz stress on pilots.Methods Saliva was collected from 47 pilots before and after + 6.5 Gz,+ 7.0 Gz and + 8.0 Gz centrifuge exposures.The SAA was measured by a-amylase kit (dynamic monitoring method) and chemiluminescnet immunoassay.Results ①The SAA and cortisol levels significantly changed by different +Gz exposures (F＝ 17.712,3.427,P＜0.01 or P＜0.05).Compared with that before exposures,the SAA levels measured after +6.5 Gz,+ 7.0 Gz and +8.0 Gz exposures were significantly higher (P＜0.01).The cortisol levels after +7.0 Gz and +8.0 Gz exposures were significantly higher than the baseline (P＜0.05 or 0.01).The cortisol level obtained after +8.0 Gz exposure was significantly higher than that before + 6.5 Gz,+ 7.0 Gz and + 8.0 Gz centrifuge exposures (P＜0.05).②Multivariate analysis showed that the aircraft type,pilot's age and flying hours had no influence on SAA and cortisol levels obtained after +Gz exposures.③ Pilots' cortisol levels were negatively correlated to the age and aircraft type of (r＝-0.328,-0.694,P＜0.05) but positively correlated to flying hours and +Gz level (r＝0.466,0.141,P＜0.05).SAA was positively correlated to +Gz level (r＝0.354,P＜0.01).④The levels of cortisol and SAA had less correlation either before or after +Gz exposure.Conclusions SAA elevates sensitivity with +Gz stress increase and quickly returns to baseline.So we can conclude that SAA could be a valid indicator of +Gz stress.