摘要目的 综述有关精神运动警觉性任务(psychomotor vigilance task,PVT)在航空航天及相关作业疲劳评估与卫生防护措施评价中的应用研究进展. 资料来源与选择 国内外该领域的相关文献资料. 资料引用 引用公开发表的文献资料38篇. 资料综合 回顾了有关PVT在航空航天及相关作业疲劳评估与卫生防护措施评价中的应用研究进展.PVT是常用的警觉性评价方法,主要检测受试者对视标刺激的持续注意力和反应时间.在常规检测方法的基础上已进行了小型智能化的设备改进,而且单人次的检测时间亦明显缩短,进而提高了检测效率.研究表明,在睡眠剥夺、高认知负荷以及环境热应激等试验条件下,PVT可较好地进行中枢疲劳评估;在模拟与实际航空航天作业条件下,PVT可用于飞行人员和航天员的疲劳测评.此外,PVT还可用于航空航天及相关作业疲劳卫生防护措施,如合理作息安排、白光照射和经颅直流电刺激等非药物措施,以及合理使用短效类催眠药与促醒药的应用效果评价. 结论 PVT具有操作简便、结果可信等优点,已在航空航天及相关作业疲劳评估及卫生防护措施评价中得到了广泛应用.实际工作中,视情结合其他相关方法的应用,可进一步提高测评效能.

abstractsObjective To review the research advances related to the application of psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) in the fatigue assessment of aerospace and related operations and in the evaluation of the medical protection measures.Literature resource and selection Relevant articles published in China and abroad.Literature quotation Thirty-eight published references were cited.Literature synthesis The research advances related to the application of PVT in fatigue assessment of aerospace and related operations and in evaluation of the medical protection measures were reviewed.PVT is a commonly used method to evaluate the alertness.It can detect the sustained attention and reaction time of subjects to visual stimuli.On the basis of the classical detection method,PVT had done a portable intelligent modification and the personal test time was significantly reduced to improve the detection efficiency.Many investigations had demonstrated that PVT was used in the detection of central fatigue induced by sleep deprivation,hard mental work and environmental heat stress and other experimental conditions.In simulated and practical aerospace operations,PVT was also a useful method to evaluate the central fatigue of aircrew and astronauts.In addition,PVT can also be used to evaluate the effectiveness of the following medical protection measures against aerospace and related operational fatigue,such as reasonable arrangement of work and rest,white light irradiation,transcranial direct current stimulation,rational use of hypnotics and wake-promoting agents and so on.Conclusions Because of the advantages of easy operation and reliable results,PVT have been widely used in fatigue assessment of aerospace and related operations as well as the evaluation of the medical protection measures.In practice,its evaluation efficiency would be further improved if it combined with other method.