摘要目的 综述第四代战斗机超机动飞行的加速度载荷特点以及带来的生理影响,以期对我国开展相关研究工作提供帮助. 资料来源与选择 国内外该领域相关文献资料. 资料引用 引用公开发表的学术论文28篇,专著2部,互联网资料1份. 资料综合 第四代战斗机的超机动性指的是飞机在实际迎角超过失速迎角的状态下,还能处于受控状态,绕自身3个轴向(纵轴、横轴、立轴)迅速旋转从而改变飞机姿态和机头指向的能力.常见的超机动飞行动作主要有“眼镜蛇机动”“赫伯斯特机动”“钟(表)式机动”“直升机盘旋”等.与常规机动飞行相比,超机动飞行具有+Gz加速度值略低、作用时间较短、增长率很高、-Gz加速度频繁出现、角加速度非常明显,并存在多轴向复合加速度等特点.超机动飞行期间,飞行员可能受到旋转加速度和复合加速度的作用.超机动飞行对飞行员的生理影响与加速度过载的方向和G值突然改变密切相关,主要包括复合加速度对+Gz耐力的影响、更加频繁的推拉效应、不对称视觉消失现象、空间定向障碍和颈部损伤等. 结论 现代高性能战斗机的超机动性极大地拓展了飞机的机动能力,由此也带来了许多人的因素问题,给航空医学科研和卫勤保障提出了新的课题.

abstractsObjective To review the acceleration characteristics of the super maneuverable flight of the fourth generation fighter aircraft and the physiological consequences induced by acceleration,and to put forward some suggestions for developing scientific research in China.Literature resource and selection The related research papers,reviews and monographs published in China and abroad.Literature quotation Twenty eight academic papers,two monographs and a picking from internet data were cited.Literature synthesis The term of supermaneuverability of the fourth generation fighter refers to an aircraft's ability to still maintain controlled flight to rapidly rotate around the three principal axes (roll,pitch and yaw) of the aircraft at angles of attack well beyond those of stall as to change flight attitude and nose pointing of aircraft.Nowadays several common supermaneuverable flight maneuvers were Cobra maneuver,Herbst maneuver,Bell maneuver,Helicopter turn,et al.As compared with the conventional flight,the acceleration of the supermaneuverable flight was characterized by slightly +Gz levels,shorter +Gz duration,very high G onset rates,frequent-Gz,very high angular accelerations and multi axis combined accelerations.During the supermaneuverable flight the pilots will he exposed to the rotational acceleration and combined accelerations along three principal axes of the aircraft.The physiological consequences of supermaneuverable flight on pilots were closely related to sudden changes in magnitude and direction of acceleration and primarily include the effect of combined accelerations on +Gz tolerance,more frequent push-pull effect,asymmetric visual loss,spatial disorientation and neck injuries.Conclusion The supermaneuverability of modern high performance fighter extremely enhances its maneuvering ability,by which many human factor issues were introduced,and the new problems on scientific research and medical support has been put forward to us.