摘要目的:分析2003—2016年空军和陆军飞行人员医学停飞疾病谱特点，为进一步做好航卫保障工作提供数据支撑。方法:采用回顾性调查方法，整群抽取2003—2016年空军和陆军医学停飞档案和病案资料，对各种资料进行录入、整理、归纳、核查。从机种、停飞年龄、飞行时间等不同维度分析各类飞行人员医学停飞疾病特点。结果:共纳入762例医学停飞飞行人员。导致飞行人员医学停飞的前10位疾病依次是精神与行为障碍（12.47%）、头痛（10.63%）、颈腰椎疾病（8.53%）、高血压（7.74%）、眼底病变（3.41%）、屈光不正（3.28%）、眩晕（3.28%）、心脏疾病（3.15%）、加速度耐力不良（3.02%）、膝关节病（3.02%）。精神与行为障碍在运输（轰炸）机和直升机飞行人员中的构成比均显著高于歼（强）击机飞行员（ χ2= 13.711、4.326， P<0.05 ）；头痛在运输（轰炸）机飞行人员中的构成比显著高于歼（强）击机飞行员（ χ2=4.599， P<0.05 ）；颈腰椎疾病在歼（强）击机飞行员中的构成比显著高于运输（轰炸）机飞行人员（ χ2=7.572， P<0.01 ）；加速度耐力不良仅见于歼（强）击机飞行员，其他疾病在不同机种停飞人员中构成比差异无统计学意义。本研究中飞行人员停飞年龄高峰为36~ 40岁，直升机飞行人员在26~30岁的停飞人数构成比显著高于歼（强）击机飞行员（ χ2=6.641 ， P<0.01 ）和运输（轰炸）机飞行人员（ χ2 =17.530， P<0.01 ）；运输（轰炸）机飞行人员在41~ 45、46~ 50岁的停飞人数构成比显著高于歼（强）击机飞行员（ χ2=8.512、38.453， P<0.01）和直升机飞行人员（ χ2=14.600、18.079， P<0.01 ）；飞行人员停飞飞行总时间高峰为1 501~2 000 h，歼（强）击机和运输（轰炸）机飞行员停飞飞行时间高峰均为1 501~ 2 000 h，直升机飞行人员停飞飞行时间高峰为≤500 h。直升机飞行人员在≤500 h、501~1 000 h的停飞人数构成比显著高于歼（强）击机飞行员（ χ2=17.222、7.873， P<0.01 ）和运输（轰炸）机飞行人员（ χ2=31.448、14.459， P<0.01）。 结论:因精神与行为障碍、头痛、颈腰椎疾病、高血压而停飞的人数在各机种飞行人员停飞疾病中均排位靠前，但位次有所不同。加速度耐力不良主要见于歼（强）击机飞行员。直升机飞行人员医学停飞年龄高峰出现较早，飞行时数偏少。

abstractsObjective:To analyze the characteristics of disease spectrum of medical grounded flying personnel in Air Force and Army from 2003 to 2016 in order to provide data evidence for aeromedical support improvement.Methods:The documents and medical records of the Air Force and Army flying personnel grounded from 2003 to 2016 were searched and collected with cluster sampling and retrospective investigation. Then, all kinds of data were input, sorted out, summarized and checked. The characteristics of medical grounded diseases of all kinds of flying personnel were analyzed upon different dimensions, such as aircraft type, age as grounded, flying hours and so on.Results:We selected 762 grounded flying personnel in this study. The top 10 diseases that led to medical grounding were mental and behavioral disorders (12.47%), headache (10.63%), cervical and lumbar diseases (8.53%), hypertension (7.74%), fundus lesions (3.41%), ametropia (3.28%), vertigo (3.28%), heart disease (3.15%), poor acceleration intolerance (3.02%), and knee arthropathy (3.02%). The constituent ratio of mental and behavioral disorders in transport (bomber) and helicopter flying personnel were significantly higher than that in fighter (attacker) flying personnel ( χ2=13.711, 4.326, P<0.05). The constituent ratio of headache in transport (bomber) flying personnel was significantly higher than that in fighter (attacker) pilots ( χ2=4.599, P<0.05). The constituent ratio of cervical and lumbar diseases in fighter (attacker) pilots was significantly higher than that in transport (bomber) flying personnel ( χ2=7.572, P <0.01 ) . Poor acceleration intolerance was only found in fighter (attacker) pilots. Other disease constitution had insignificant difference among the grounded flying personnel of varied type of aircraft. The study showed that the peak of grounded flying personnel was at 36-40 years old. The constituent ratio of grounded helicopter flying personnel at age of 26-30 was significantly higher than that of fighter (attacker) pilots ( χ2=6.641, P<0.01) and transport (bombing) flying personnel ( χ2=17.530, P<0.01). The constituent ratios of grounded transport (bomber) flying personnel at age of 41-45 and 46-50 were significantly higher than those of fighter (attacker) pilots ( χ2=8.512, 38.453, P<0.01) and helicopter flying personnel ( χ2=14.600, 18.079, P<0.01). The peak of grounded flying personnel was at 1 501-2 000 h flying hours. Both the peak of grounded fighter (attacker) and transporter (bomber) flying personnel were in this range. The peak of grounded helicopter flying personnel was at ≤500 h flying hours. The constituent ratios of grounded helicopter flying personnel at ≤500 h and 501-1 000 h flying hours, were significantly higher than those of fighter (attacker) pilots ( χ2=17.222, 7.873, P<0.01) and transport (bomber) flying personnel ( χ2=31.448, 14.459, P<0.01). Conclusions:The populations of the grounded flying personnel due to mental and behavioral disorders, headaches, cervical and lumbar diseases and hypertension take higher rank in all types of aircraft even the orders are different. Poor acceleration intolerance is mainly occurred in fighter (attacker) pilots. The peak populations of the grounded helicopter flying personnel are at younger age and fewer flight hours.