摘要目的:基于网络检索词频分析“百度知道”中公众对先天性出生缺陷相关信息的需求。方法:由妇产科专家与流行病学专家讨论后，确定先天性出生缺陷相关检索词并制定检索策略，采用Python 2.7进行网络爬虫检索，在“百度知道”平台获得先天出生缺陷相关的提问句，再使用R 4.0.2软件进行文本数据处理，完成关键词的语义分析与词频统计分析，并绘制词云图和极坐标图来描述关键结果。结果:在“百度知道”平台中共检索到16 668条不重复的提问句，语义词词频数为15 371，其中，先天出生缺陷相关疾病名称与症状词频数占35.02%。此外，先天性心脏病相关词频构成比最高（26.09%）。出生缺陷检索词主题分析结果显示诊断和治疗语义词的平均词频数（49.55）明显高于病因及预防相关语义词平均词频数（12.47）。此外，检查、原因、治疗、发育、遗传等关键词在七类系统畸形相关语义词中的出现频率均较高。结论:我国公众对于先天性出生缺陷相关的疾病、及其病因、预防以及治疗方面的信息需求较高，其中尤以先天性心脏病在疾病相关词频中占比最高。

abstractsObjective:To analyze the public demands for information about congenital birth defects in “Baidu zhidao” based on word frequency retrieval.Methods:Based on discussion between obstetrics and gynecology experts and epidemiological experts, the key words related to congenital birth defects were determined and the search strategy was formulated. Python 2.7 was used for web crawler search. Questions related to congenital birth defects were obtained on the “Baidu zhidao” platform, and then the R 4.0.2 software was used to process the data, complete the semantic analysis of keywords and statistical analysis of word frequency, and draw word cloud graph and polar chart to describe the key results.Results:A total of 16668 non-repetitive questions were retrieved from “Baidu zhidao” platform, and the frequency of semantic words was 15 371. Among them, 35.02% were the names and symptoms of congenital birth defects. In addition, the frequency of congenital heart disease was the highest (26.09%). The results of subject analysis of key words of birth defects showed that the average word frequency of diagnosis and treatment semantic words (49.55) was significantly higher than that of etiology and prevention semantic words (12.47). In addition, the key words of examination, cause, treatment, development and heredity were more frequently used in the semantic words related to the seven types of systemic malformations.Conclusion:The public in China has a high demand for information on congenital birth defect related diseases, and their causes, prevention and treatment, especially congenital heart disease.